Vascular remodelling in human skeletal muscle
Vascular remodelling in human skeletal muscle
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DOI：
10.1042/bst20110720
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Gustafsson, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gustafsson, Thomas
运动诱导的骨骼肌血管生成既包括非发芽血管生成，也包括发芽血管生成，是多种系统和刺激综合反应的结果。运动肌肉中的血管内皮生长因子A水平升高，已被证明是运动诱导的毛细血管生长的关键。关于其他血管生成和血管抑制因子在运动中的作用，只有有限的信息可用，但重复运动后血管生成素家族的变化以一种有利于血管生成的模式发生。来自其他血管生成模型系统的结果表明，miRNAs(MicroRNAs)是调节血管生成的重要因素，因此探索它们作为运动诱导血管生成调节因子的作用将是未来重要的研究方向。细胞外基质(ECM)重塑和激活基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)在一定程度上忽视了骨骼肌适应中的作用。ECM蛋白的降解使血管生成因子从固定化的基质储存中释放出来，使细胞迁移成为可能。事实上，人们已经知道，在人类中，一次运动就能激活MMPs，在基因转录发生变化导致蛋白质合成之前很久，间质就会发生快速变化，抑制MMPs的活性就会完全消除萌芽的血管生成。越来越多的证据表明，除了位于骨骼肌组织中的其他类型的细胞外，循环和常驻的祖细胞还通过各种机制参与骨骼肌血管生成。然而，在证实它们是运动诱导的毛细血管生长的机制之前，还需要更多的研究。
Exercise-induced angiogenesis in skeletal muscle involves both non-sprouting and sprouting angiogenesis and results from the integrated responses of multiple systems and stimuli. VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A) levels are increased in exercised muscle and have been demonstrated to be critical for exercise-induced capillary growth. Only limited information is available regarding the role of other angiogenic and angiostatic factors in exercise, but changes in the angiopoietin family following repetitive bouts of exercise occur in a pattern that is favourable for angiogenesis. Results from other angiogenic model systems, indicate that miRNAs (microRNAs) are important factors in the regulation of angiogenesis and thus to explore their role as regulators of exercise induced angiogenesis will be an important avenue of study in the future. ECM (extracellular matrix) remodelling and activation of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) are, to some extent, overlooked players in skeletal muscle adaptation. Degradation of ECM proteins liberates angiogenic factors from immobilized matrix stores and make cell migration possible. In fact, it is known that MMPs become activated by a single bout of exercise in humans, rapid interstitial changes occur long before any changes in gene transcription could result in protein synthesis and inhibition of MMP activity completely abolishes sprouting angiogenesis. A growing body of evidence suggests that circulating and resident progenitor cells, in addition to other cell types located in skeletal muscle tissue, participate in skeletal muscle angiogenesis by various mechanisms. However, more studies are needed before these can be confirmed as mechanisms of exercise-induced capillary growth.