Wild, native bees and managed honey bees benefit from similar agricultural land uses
Wild, native bees and managed honey bees benefit from similar agricultural land uses
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2018.09.014
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Spivak, Marla
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, Elaine;Smart, Matthew;Spivak, Marla
尽管有管理的和未管理的蜜蜂都是农作物和野生植物的重要传粉者，但解决最有利于传粉者的景观问题的努力往往集中在野生传粉者或蜜蜂身上。这项研究考察了在以农业为主的景观中，野生蜜蜂群落和管理蜜蜂群落在不同地点的花卉可获得性和干扰程度之间是否存在一致性。我们还确定了哪些农地使用得最好，以支持野生蜜蜂群落。这一研究区域位于北美大平原北部的北达科他州，在夏季的几个月里，这里是未得到充分研究的本地蜜蜂群落以及超过四分之一的美国商业蜜蜂群落的家园。有一种假设是，蜜蜂可以在农业地区做得很好，但野生蜜蜂需要自然地区才能茁壮成长。我们比较了野生蜜蜂群落的成功与管理蜜蜂的健康和存活率(数据来自相关研究)在六个养蜂场超过三年。我们研究了18个地点的野生蜜蜂群落和周围的土地利用，其中3个地点在空间上与6个养蜂场地点中的每个地点相关联。野生蜜蜂的丰度和物种多样性与蜂蜜产量呈正相关，蜂蜜产量是衡量蜜蜂成功与否的一项指标，这表明支持成功蜂群的地点也支持成功的野生蜜蜂群落。草地、蜜蜂饲料作物、林地和湿地与野生蜜蜂群落的丰富度、物种多样性或功能多样性的增加有关。不为蜜蜂提供饲料的作物，主要是大豆、玉米和小麦，与功能多样性降低、地上筑巢蜜蜂和活动季节持续时间较短的蜜蜂减少以及蜜蜂存活率下降有关。传粉者保护努力保留和加强草原、林区、湿地和提供蜜蜂饲料的作物，可能会支持不同野生蜜蜂群落的增长、繁殖和生存，以及在集约农业为主的地区管理蜜蜂的成功。
Although both managed and unmanaged bees are important pollinators of crops and wild plants, efforts to address questions about landscapes that best support pollinators often focus on either wild pollinators or honey bees. This study examined if there was concordance between the success of wild bee communities and managed honey bee colonies at sites varying in floral availability and disturbance level in a predominantly agricultural landscape. We also determined which agricultural land uses best supported wild bee communities. The study area in the state of North Dakota in Northern Great Plains in North America is home to understudied native bee communities as well as over 1/4 of U.S. commercial honey bee colonies during the summer months. There is an assumption that honey bees can do well in agricultural areas but that wild bees need natural areas to thrive. We compared wild bee community success with health and survival of managed honey bees (data obtained from a related study) at six apiary locations over three years. We examined wild bee communities and surrounding land uses at 18 locations, three of which were spatially associated with each of six apiary locations. Wild bee abundance and species diversity were positively correlated with honey production, a measure of honey bee success, indicating that locations supporting successful honey bee colonies also supported successful wild bee communities. Grasslands, bee-forage crops, wooded areas, and wetlands were associated with increased abundance, species diversity, or functional diversity of wild bee communities. Crops not providing forage for bees, predominantly soybean, corn, and wheat, were associated with decreased functional diversity, decreased above-ground nesting bees and bees with shorter active season durations, and decreased honey bee survival. Pollinator conservation efforts retaining and enhancing grasslands, wooded areas, wetlands, and crops providing bee forage will likely support the growth, reproduction, and survival of diverse wild bee communities and the success of managed honey bees in areas dominated by intensive agriculture.