Getting Property Right: 'Informal' Mortgages in the Japanese Courts
Getting Property Right: 'Informal' Mortgages in the Japanese Courts
复制标题
获得财产权：日本法院的“非正式”抵押贷款
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Bennett
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Bennett
在日本民法财产制度中，法院承认一种法外担保形式，即jōto物权转让担保利益，它是通过将法定所有权转让给债权人，并承诺在偿还时将其归还给债务人而产生的。虽然今天最著名的是作为一种手段提供担保的动产，jōto tanpo最初是一种替代手段抵押房地产，这后一种使用的利息是本文的主题。jōto tanpo权益对债权人的两个早期吸引力是：1)能够避免执行《法典》规定的担保权益的低效程序，以及2)在违约时享有没收抵押品的可能性。在20世纪60年代和70年代，法院和立法机构试图控制与不动产有关的几种非《法典》担保形式有关的出借人的越权行为。jōto tanpo经受住了改革的考验，在高息贷款和高压债务催收方面仍然是一种潜在的强力工具。本文指出的阻碍此类交易有效司法纪律的两个因素包括：1)日本注册所有权制度的限制；2)程序上的漏洞，导致了执法套利的可能性。
In Japan's civil law property system, courts recognize a form of extra-statutory security, the jōto tanpo or title-transfer security interest, that is created by conveying legal title to the creditor, with a promise to restore it to the debtor upon repayment. Although best known today as a means to providing security in movables, jōto tanpo was originally an alternative means of mortgaging real estate, and this latter use of the interest is the subject of this Article. The two early attractions of the jōto tanpo interest to creditors were 1) the ability to avoid inefficient procedures for the enforcement of the Code-defined security interests, and 2) the possibility of enjoying a forfeiture of the collateral upon default. In the 1960s and 1970s, courts and the legislature sought to control lender overreaching in connection with several non-Code forms of security relating to immoveable property. The jōto tanpo has survived efforts at reform, and remains as a potential strong-arm device in high-interest lending and high-pressure debt collection. The two factors that this Article identifies as inhibiting effective judicial discipline of this category of transactions today include 1) limitations in Japan's system of registered title and 2) procedural lacunae that open the possibility of enforcement arbitrage.