Fermi and eROSITA bubbles as relics of the past activity of the Galaxy’s central black hole
Fermi and eROSITA bubbles as relics of the past activity of the Galaxy’s central black hole
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DOI：
10.1038/s41550-022-01618-x
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发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
14.1
通讯作者：
H. Yang;M. Ruszkowski;E. Zweibel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Yang;M. Ruszkowski;E. Zweibel
新发射的X射线卫星eROSITA最近揭示了两个巨大的气泡，延伸到银河系中心上下约80°。这些“eROSITA气泡”的形态与费米伽马射线太空望远镜先前发现的费米气泡及其对应物微波烟雾非常相似。这些引人注目的结构的物理起源一直存在激烈的争论;然而，由于它们关于银河系中心的对称性，它们可能起源于过去银河系中心的一些能量爆发。在这里，我们提出了一个理论模型，其中eROSITA气泡，费米气泡和微波烟雾可以同时解释一个单一的事件，从中央超大质量黑洞的喷射活动几百万年前。使用数值模拟，我们表明，该模型可以成功地再现所观察到的气泡和烟雾的形态和多波长光谱，这使我们能够推导出对爆发的能量和时间尺度的关键约束。这项研究是我们理解银河系过去银河系中心活动的重要一步，并可能为在星系形成的背景下更广泛的超级黑洞-星系共同进化带来有价值的见解。
The newly launched X-ray satellite, eROSITA, has recently revealed two gigantic bubbles extending to ~80° above and below the Galactic Centre. The morphology of these ‘eROSITA bubbles’ bears a remarkable resemblance to the Fermi bubbles previously discovered by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and its counterpart, the microwave haze. The physical origin of these striking structures has been intensely debated; however, because of their symmetry about the Galactic Centre, they probably originate from some energetic outbursts from the Galactic Centre in the past. Here we propose a theoretical model in which the eROSITA bubbles, Fermi bubbles and the microwave haze could be simultaneously explained by a single event of jet activity from the central supermassive black hole a few million years ago. Using numerical simulations, we show that this model could successfully reproduce the morphology and multi-wavelength spectra of the observed bubbles and haze, which allows us to derive critical constraints on the energetics and timescales of the outburst. This study serves as an important step forward in our understanding of the past Galactic Centre activity of our own Galaxy and may bring valuable insights into the broader picture of supermassive-black-hole–galaxy co-evolution in the context of galaxy formation.