Analogical Encoding: Facilitating Knowledge Transfer and Integration
Analogical Encoding: Facilitating Knowledge Transfer and Integration
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类比编码：促进知识转移和整合
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
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通讯作者：
D. Gentner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Gentner
人们在面对当前问题时，回忆和利用先前经验的能力是非常有限的。我们认为，一个原因是，信息往往是在situationspecific方式编码，使随后的briddings仅限于在内容和上下文中与原始的情况相似。类比编码--对两个部分理解的情况进行明确的比较--可以促进发现共同的原则，并允许转移到新的结构相似的情况。本文提出了两个新的问题：（1）比较是否也能提高人们从长期记忆中提取例子的能力;（2）简单地提供共同原则是否足以促进迁移。结果表明：（1）比较样例不仅有助于向前迁移到新问题，也有助于向后迁移，从记忆中检索样例;（2）提供共同原则是不够的：比较仍然是有益的。
People‘s ability to recall and use prior experience when faced with current problems is surprisingly limited. We suggest that one reason is that information is often encoded in a situationspecific manner, so that subsequent remindings are limited to situations that are similar to the original both in content and in context. Analogical encoding—the explicit comparison of two partially understood situations—can foster the discovery of common principles and allow transfer to new structurally similar situations. This paper addresses two new questions: (1) whether comparison can also improve people‘s ability to retrieve examples from long term memory; and (2) whether simply providing the common principle would suffice to promote transfer. The results show (1) that not only does comparing examples facilitate transfer forward to a new problem, it can also facilitate transfer backwards to retrieve an example from memory; and (2) providing a common principle is not sufficient: comparison is still beneficial.