Gender and Psychological Well-Being
Gender and Psychological Well-Being
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph16193531
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fortes, Demelza
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pilar Matud, M.;Lopez-Curbelo, Marisela;Fortes, Demelza
背景资料：研究一直报告心理健康方面的性别差异，但关于男女心理健康差异的研究尚未得出结论性结果。本研究的目的是探讨性别与成年人心理健康的相关性。进行了一项横断面研究，样本为1700名男性和1700名女性从一般西班牙人口。他们的年龄从21岁到64岁不等，他们被评估与Ryff的心理幸福感量表和Bem性别角色量表。结果如下：男性在自我接纳和自主性方面的得分高于女性，女性在个人成长和与他人的积极关系方面的得分高于男性。在男女心理健康方面最相关的变量是男子气概。妇女福祉的其他相关变量是女性化程度高、没有体力劳动、不是家庭主妇和专业职业。男性的幸福感在专业男性和从事技术性非体力职业的男性、女性化程度高的男性以及非单身、离婚或丧偶的男性中也较高。结论：坚持传统的性别角色与妇女和男子的心理健康有关，自我概念既包括男性工具性特征又包括女性表达性特征的妇女和男子有更大的幸福感。
Background: Research has consistently reported gender differences in mental health, but studies on differences in psychological well-being between women and men have not yielded conclusive results. The aim of this study was to examine the relevance of gender to the psychological well-being of adult individuals. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 1700 men and 1700 women from the general Spanish population was conducted. Their ages ranged from 21 to 64 years, and they were assessed with Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales and the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Results: Men scored higher than women in self-acceptance and autonomy, and women scored higher than men in personal growth and positive relations with others. The most relevant variable in the psychological well-being of both women and men was high masculinity. Other relevant variables in women's well-being were high femininity, not having a manual occupation, not being homemakers, and professional occupation. Men's well-being also was higher in professional men and in men with a skilled non-manual occupation, men with high femininity and men who were not single, divorced or widowed. Conclusions: Adherence to traditional gender roles is relevant to the psychological well-being of women and men, and women and men whose self-concept includes both masculine-instrumental and feminine-expressive characteristics have greater well-being.