Fluctuations in recall across successive test trials
Fluctuations in recall across successive test trials
复制标题
连续测试中的回忆波动
作者：
T. O. Nelson;Colin M. Macleod
实验的目的是确定项目波动（试验间遗忘和自发恢复）是否取决于允许回忆的时间和/或实验情境的需求特征（通过对S的指令操纵）。一百年。44名大学生研究了一份包含36个项目的清单，然后进行了两次连续的回忆试验，持续时间分别为9秒、36秒和144秒。在第二次回忆试验中，实验者被要求只回忆以前回忆过的项目（“旧的”），只回忆以前没有回忆过的项目（“新的”），或者同时回忆以前回忆过的项目和以前没有回忆过的项目（“两个”）。结果表明：(1)虽然回忆试验时长影响回忆总量，但不影响项目波动量；(2)只回忆“旧”项目或只回忆“新”项目的指令导致对非请求项目的抑制，而对请求项目没有相应的促进。
The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether item fluctuation (intertrial forgetting and spontaneous recovery) depends upon the time allowed for recall and/or the demand characteristics of the experimental situation (manipulated via instructions to S). One hundred. and forty-four university undergraduates studied a 36-item list and then had two successive recall trials which were 9, 36, or 144 sec in duration. On the second recall trial, Ss were instructed to recall previously recalled items only (“old”), previously nonrecalled items only (“new”), or both previously recalled items and previously nonrecalled items (“both”). The results suggest two conclusions: (1) Although recall trial duration affects the overall amount of recall, it does not affect the amount of item fluctuation; and (2) an instruction to recall only “old” items or to recall only “new” items results in suppression of the nonrequested items without a corresponding facilitation for the requested items.