Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity, Sleep, and Risk for Dementia and Cognitive Decline.
Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity, Sleep, and Risk for Dementia and Cognitive Decline.
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DOI：
10.1007/s13668-018-0247-9
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Scarmeas, Nikolaos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhao, Chen;Noble, James M;Scarmeas, Nikolaos
综述目的：饮食、体力活动和睡眠是三个主要的可改变的生活方式因素。这篇选择性综述考察了这三种生活方式因素与痴呆症风险和认知能力下降之间强烈而可靠的关联的证据，以努力帮助临床医生为他们面临的患者常见问题提供更明智的答案。研究结果：营养的某些方面可以降低痴呆症的风险。体力活动也与年龄相关的认知能力下降延迟或减慢有关。此外，新出现的证据将睡眠障碍与痴呆症联系起来，淀粉样蛋白沉积可能是一种调节因素。在就这些生活方式干预降低痴呆症和认知衰退风险的有效性得出更明确的结论之前，还需要进一步临床试验的数据。然而，建议我们的患者采取某些饮食改变并进行定期体力活动以改善痴呆症的心血管危险因素是合理的。考虑到睡眠障碍和认知障碍在老年人群中普遍并存，在老年人的认知评估中包括有关睡眠的问题也是合理的。
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diet, physical activity, and sleep are three major modifiable lifestyle factors. This selective review examines the evidence for strong and reliable associations between these three lifestyle factors and risk of dementia and cognitive decline, in an effort to assist clinicians with providing more informed answers to the common questions they face from patients.RECENT FINDINGS: Certain aspects of nutrition can decrease risk for dementia. Physical activity has also been associated with delayed or slower age-related cognitive decline. In addition, emerging evidence links sleep dysfunction and dementia, with amyloid deposition being a possible mediator. Data from further clinical trials are needed before more definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficacy of these lifestyle interventions for lowering the risk of incident dementia and cognitive decline. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to make recommendations to our patients to adopt certain dietary changes and to engage in regular physical activity to improve cardiovascular risk factors for dementia. It is also reasonable to include questions on sleep during cognitive evaluations of the elderly, given the common co-occurrence of sleep dysfunction and cognitive impairment in the elderly population.