The evolution of transmission mode.
The evolution of transmission mode.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2016.0083
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发表时间：
2017-05-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Webster JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Antonovics J;Wilson AJ;Forbes MR;Hauffe HC;Kallio ER;Leggett HC;Longdon B;Okamura B;Sait SM;Webster JP
本文综述了导致不同传播模式的进化机制的研究。这些模式通常受宿主或病原体的遗传控制，并且通常通过权衡而相互冲突。传播模式可能因病原体菌株和宿主种群而异。通过实验和系统发育研究推断出传播模式的进化变化，包括与宿主转移和许多寄生虫异常复杂的生命周期进化相关的传播变化。了解的力量，决定特定的传播模式的演变提出了一个迷人的问题，其中有一个缺乏良好的数据，往往缺乏概念上的理解或适当的方法。我们最好的信息来自于专注于垂直传播与水平传播二分法的研究。对于其他类型的转变，流行病学和群体遗传学相结合的理论方法正在为确定新的传播模式何时以及如何迅速演变提供指导方针，但这些仍然需要经验调查和应用于特定案例。就现存的疾病威胁而言，获得这种知识是一个紧迫事项。这篇文章是主题问题“打开黑盒子：重新审视寄生虫传播的生态学和进化”的一部分。
This article reviews research on the evolutionary mechanisms leading to different transmission modes. Such modes are often under genetic control of the host or the pathogen, and often in conflict with each other via trade-offs. Transmission modes may vary among pathogen strains and among host populations. Evolutionary changes in transmission mode have been inferred through experimental and phylogenetic studies, including changes in transmission associated with host shifts and with evolution of the unusually complex life cycles of many parasites. Understanding the forces that determine the evolution of particular transmission modes presents a fascinating medley of problems for which there is a lack of good data and often a lack of conceptual understanding or appropriate methodologies. Our best information comes from studies that have been focused on the vertical versus horizontal transmission dichotomy. With other kinds of transitions, theoretical approaches combining epidemiology and population genetics are providing guidelines for determining when and how rapidly new transmission modes may evolve, but these are still in need of empirical investigation and application to particular cases. Obtaining such knowledge is a matter of urgency in relation to extant disease threats. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Opening the black box: re-examining the ecology and evolution of parasite transmission’.