The blood of government : race, empire, the United States, & the Philippines
The blood of government : race, empire, the United States, & the Philippines
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政府的血统：种族、帝国、美国，
DOI：
10.2307/4486489
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Kramer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Kramer
1899年，在西班牙-古巴-美国战争中宣布成为世界强国的美国，对菲律宾共和国发动了残酷的帝国征服战争。在接下来的50年里，美帝国主义者通过创造新的种族意识形态来为他们的殖民帝国辩护，这些意识形态适应了新的合作和反殖民抵抗的现实。在这本开创性的跨国研究中，保罗·a·克莱默揭示了种族政治如何为美帝国服务，以及帝国建设如何反过来改变了美国和菲律宾的种族和国家观念。克莱默认为，菲律宾-美国殖民历史的特点是主权和承认的斗争。在一场种族灭绝战争之后，美国殖民者在与菲律宾精英的对话中，将菲律宾人口划分为“文明的”基督徒和“野蛮的”万物有灵论者和穆斯林。前者受制于经过校准的殖民主义，随着他们展示自己的“能力”，殖民主义逐渐扩大了他们的自治范围。后者首先由美国人统治，然后由菲律宾基督徒统治，他们已经证明自己值得承担“白人的负担”。然而，最终，这种帝国主义国家建设的种族愿景与美国本土主义者将美国与殖民地隔离开来的努力发生了冲突，甚至不惜以菲律宾独立为代价。克莱默对种族的全球转变和帝国在20世纪美国和菲律宾历史中的中心地位提供了创新的描述。
In 1899 the United States, having announced its arrival as a world power during the Spanish-Cuban-American War, inaugurated a brutal war of imperial conquest against the Philippine Republic. Over the next five decades, U.S. imperialists justified their colonial empire by crafting novel racial ideologies adapted to new realities of collaboration and anticolonial resistance. In this pathbreaking, transnational study, Paul A. Kramer reveals how racial politics served U.S. empire, and how empire-building in turn transformed ideas of race and nation in both the United States and the Philippines. Kramer argues that Philippine-American colonial history was characterized by struggles over sovereignty and recognition. In the wake of a racial-exterminist war, U.S. colonialists, in dialog with Filipino elites, divided the Philippine population into "civilized" Christians and "savage" animists and Muslims. The former were subjected to a calibrated colonialism that gradually extended them self-government as they demonstrated their "capacities." The latter were governed first by Americans, then by Christian Filipinos who had proven themselves worthy of shouldering the "white man's burden." Ultimately, however, this racial vision of imperial nation-building collided with U.S. nativist efforts to insulate the United States from its colonies, even at the cost of Philippine independence. Kramer provides an innovative account of the global transformations of race and the centrality of empire to twentieth-century U.S. and Philippine histories.