Estimating incident ultraviolet radiation exposure in the northern Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Estimating incident ultraviolet radiation exposure in the northern Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
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DOI：
10.1002/etc.4119
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Roberts, Aaron P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bridges, Kristin N.;Lay, Claire R.;Roberts, Aaron P.
2010年“深水地平线”钻井平台爆炸后，数百万桶石油流入墨西哥湾。多环芳烃（PAHs）是原油的有毒成分，在紫外线（UV）辐射下可能会变得更毒，这种现象被称为光致毒性。深水地平线漏油事件影响了近海和河口地区，那里的生物群可能同时暴露在紫外线和多环芳烃中。紫外线进入水柱的穿透程度受场地特定因素的影响。因此，在评估光致毒性对生物群造成的风险时，测量和/或估计紫外线是必要的。我们描述了如何利用泄漏附近辐射计的监测数据，结合表征太阳辐射成分的参考光谱，确定受深水地平线石油泄漏影响地区的入射紫外线估计。此外，我们还提供了墨西哥湾附近和海上站点的紫外线衰减系数。这些估计是针对泄漏的具体时间和地点的，并且在为支持“深水地平线”自然资源损害评估（NRDA）而进行的光致毒性测试中使用的强度范围内。这些数据进一步验证了深水地平线NRDA中光毒性测试的方法和结果，同时强调了在评估石油泄漏后可能的风险时考虑紫外线暴露的重要性。环境科学与技术，2018;37(1):1 - 4。(c) 2018 SETAC
Millions of barrels of oil were released into the Gulf of Mexico following the 2010 explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic components of crude oil, which may become more toxic in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a phenomenon known as photo-induced toxicity. The Deepwater Horizon spill impacted offshore and estuarine sites, where biota may be co-exposed to UV and PAHs. Penetration of UV into the water column is affected by site-specific factors. Therefore, measurements and/or estimations of UV are necessary when one is assessing the risk to biota posed by photo-induced toxicity. We describe how estimates of incident UV were determined for the area impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, using monitoring data from radiometers near the spill, in conjunction with reference spectra characterizing the composition of solar radiation. Furthermore, we provide UV attenuation coefficients for both near- and offshore sites in the Gulf of Mexico. These estimates are specific to the time and location of the spill, and fall within the range of intensities utilized during photo-induced toxicity tests performed in support of the Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA). These data further validate the methodologies and findings of phototoxicity tests included in the Deepwater Horizon NRDA, while underscoring the importance of considering UV exposure when assessing possible risks following oil spills. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1679-1687. (c) 2018 SETAC