Policy spillover and the policing of protest in New York City, 1960–2006
Policy spillover and the policing of protest in New York City, 1960–2006
复制标题
政策溢出和纽约市抗议活动的监管，1960-2006 年
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Rafail
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Rafail
学者们认为，自20世纪60年代以来，西方民主国家对抗议活动的监管变得更加宽容。虽然被广泛接受，但确认警察行为软化的研究集中在全国性趋势上，尽管人们意识到警察战术在美国各地的分布并不均匀。本研究探讨了纽约市抗议警务的时间趋势，以评估抗议控制的主导策略如何以及为什么随着时间的推移而发生变化。借鉴公共空间的广泛私有化在纽约在20世纪80年代，再加上通过破窗犯罪控制策略，我开发了一种替代解释的时间动态的抗议警务是基于政策溢出，或无意溢出效应，无关的政策决定抗议警务可能仍然对警察行为。使用样本的6147抗议事件发生在纽约之间的1960年和2006年，我证实，逮捕和其他形式的警察部队的流行率随着时间的推移而增加，即使非法或其他有争议的策略有所下降。此外，研究结果并不表明犯罪率与逮捕或使用武力之间存在直接关系。在抗议警务方面，政治建设和犯罪和混乱的控制比犯罪的绝对数量更重要，这与所提出的政策溢出解释一致。
Scholars have suggested that the policing of protest have become more permissive in Western democracies since the 1960s. While widely accepted, studies affirming a softening of police conduct have focused on national trends despite awareness that police tactics have unevenly diffused across the USA. This study examines the temporal trends in protest policing in New York City to evaluate how and why the dominant strategies of protest control have changed over time. Drawing on the widespread privatisation of public space in New York during the 1980s coupled with the adoption of Broken Windows crime control strategies, I develop an alternative explanation of the temporal dynamics of protest policing that is based on policy spillover, or the unintentional spillover effects that policy decisions unrelated to protest policing may nonetheless have on police conduct. Using a sample of 6147 protest events occurring in New York between 1960 and 2006, I confirm that the prevalence of arrests and other forms of police force have increased over time even though illegal or other contentious tactics have declined. The results additionally do not suggest that there is a direct relationship between crime rates and either arrests or the use of force. In regards to protest policing, the political construction and control of crime and disorder are more important than the absolute amount of crime, which is consistent with the proposed policy spillover explanation.