Duplication of OsHAP family genes and their association with heading date in rice.
Duplication of OsHAP family genes and their association with heading date in rice.
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/erv566
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Xing Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li Q;Yan W;Chen H;Tan C;Han Z;Yao W;Li G;Yuan M;Xing Y
基因复制导致了一个大的HAP基因家族的存在。在这项研究中，除了先前报道的Ghd8/OsHAP3H外，还鉴定了三个调控水稻开花的HAP基因。异源三聚体血红素激活蛋白（HAP）家族基因参与植物开花的调控。目前尚不清楚有多少HAP基因调控水稻的抽穗日期。在这项研究中，我们鉴定了35个HAP基因，其中包括7个新鉴定的基因，并进行了基因复制和候选基因的关联分析。分析表明，片段复制和串联复制是HAP基因复制的主要机制。表达谱分析和功能鉴定表明，重复可能使HAP基因的功能多样化。核苷酸多样性分析显示13个HAP基因经历了选择。候选基因关联分析检测到4个与抽穗日期相关的HAP基因。一项对23个HAP基因的转基因植物或突变体的研究证实，在长日照条件下，至少有4个基因的过表达延迟了抽穗日期，包括之前克隆的Ghd8/OsHAP3H。结果表明，水稻中大量的HAP基因主要是通过基因复制产生的，少数HAP基因对抽穗日期起调控作用。HAP基因的选择可能是由于其功能的多样性，而不是由于抽穗的调节。
Gene duplication has led to the existence of a large HAP gene family. In this study, three HAP genes were identified that regulate flowering in rice in addition to the previously reported Ghd8/OsHAP3H. Heterotrimeric Heme Activator Protein (HAP) family genes are involved in the regulation of flowering in plants. It is not clear how many HAP genes regulate heading date in rice. In this study, we identified 35 HAP genes, including seven newly identified genes, and performed gene duplication and candidate gene-based association analyses. Analyses showed that segmental duplication and tandem duplication are the main mechanisms of HAP gene duplication. Expression profiling and functional identification indicated that duplication probably diversifies the functions of HAP genes. A nucleotide diversity analysis revealed that 13 HAP genes underwent selection. A candidate gene-based association analysis detected four HAP genes related to heading date. An investigation of transgenic plants or mutants of 23 HAP genes confirmed that overexpression of at least four genes delayed heading date under long-day conditions, including the previously cloned Ghd8/OsHAP3H. Our results indicate that the large number of HAP genes in rice was mainly produced by gene duplication, and a few HAP genes function to regulate heading date. Selection of HAP genes is probably caused by their diverse functions rather than regulation of heading.