Concerted versus stepwise mechanism in thymidylate synthase.

Concerted versus stepwise mechanism in thymidylate synthase.
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DOI:
10.1021/ja504341g
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发表时间:
2014-07-16
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Kohen, Amnon
Kohen, Amnon
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Islam, Zahidul;Strutzenberg, Timothy S.;Gurevic, Ilya;Kohen, Amnon

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胸苷酸合成酶(TSase)催化大多数活生物体中胸苷酸(DNA结构单元)的细胞内从头形成,使其成为化疗和抗生素药物的常见靶标。已经提出了两种机制的TS酶催化的限速氢化物转移步骤:一个逐步的机制,其中的氢化物转移之前的酶半胱氨酸和产品之间的共价键的裂解和机制,其中两者都发生协调。反应初始和最后步骤中形成的酶结合烯醇化物中间体之间的惊人相似性支持了第一种机制,而QM/MM计算则支持协同机制。在这里,我们实验测试这两种可能性,使用次级动力学同位素效应(KIE),诱变研究,和初级KIE。研究结果支持协调一致的机制,并证明在底物结合,酶促亲核试剂的激活,和氢化物转移研究在这里的活性位点精氨酸的关键作用。这种还原/取代的阐明揭示了TSase中的关键催化步骤,并可能有助于未来的药物或仿生催化剂设计。
Thymidylate synthase (TSase) catalyzes the intracellular de novo formation of thymidylate (a DNA building block) in most living organisms, making it a common target for chemotherapeutic and antibiotic drugs. Two mechanisms have been proposed for the rate-limiting hydride transfer step in TSase catalysis: a stepwise mechanism in which the hydride transfer precedes the cleavage of the covalent bond between the enzymatic cysteine and the product and a mechanism where both happen concertedly. Striking similarities between the enzyme-bound enolate intermediates formed in the initial and final step of the reaction supported the first mechanism, while QM/MM calculations favored the concerted mechanism. Here, we experimentally test these two possibilities using secondary kinetic isotope effect (KIE), mutagenesis study, and primary KIEs. The findings support the concerted mechanism and demonstrate the critical role of an active site arginine in substrate binding, activation of enzymatic nucleophile, and the hydride transfer studied here. The elucidation of this reduction/substitution sheds light on the critical catalytic step in TSase and may aid future drug or biomimetic catalyst design.
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