Nonreciprocal Phased-Array Antennas
Nonreciprocal Phased-Array Antennas
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevapplied.12.054008
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
J. Zang;Alejandro Álvarez Melcón;J. S. Gómez-Díaz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Zang;Alejandro Álvarez Melcón;J. S. Gómez-Díaz
相控阵天线是一种产生辐射图案的设备，其形状和方向可以通过调整馈送阵列的每个元件的信号的幅度和相位来电子控制。由于时间反演对称性的约束，这些器件在发送和接收时提供相同的响应。在这里，我们介绍了非互易相控阵天线的概念，我们证明，他们可以表现出截然不同的辐射模式时，在传输或接收。阵列的构建块由时间调制谐振天线元件组成，该时间调制谐振天线元件仅在两个频率之间提供非常有效的频率转换：一个与自由空间中传播的波相关联，另一个与引导信号相关。用低频调制信号的相位控制这些元件的可调谐非互易相位响应允许独立地定制整个阵列的发射和接收辐射图案。微波测量结果证实，在所需的空间方向上的隔离水平超过40 dB，总损耗低于4 dB。我们相信，这一概念可以扩展到整个电磁频谱提供足够的调谐元件，在通信，传感和雷达系统，以及在热管理和能量收集的重要影响。
A phased-array antenna is a device that generates radiation patterns whose shape and direction can be electronically controlled by tailoring the amplitude and phase of the signals that feed each element of the array. These devices provide identical responses in transmission and reception due to the constrains imposed by time-reversal symmetry. Here, we introduce the concept of nonreciprocal phased-array antennas and we demonstrate that they can exhibit drastically different radiation patterns when operated in transmission or in reception. The building block of the array consists of a time-modulated resonant antenna element that provides very efficient frequency conversion between only two frequencies: one associated to waves propagating in free-space and the other related to guided signals. Controlling the tunable nonreciprocal phase response of these elements with the phase of low-frequency modulation signals permits to independently tailor the transmission and reception radiation patterns of the entire array. Measured results at microwaves confirm isolation levels over 40 dB at desired directions in space with an overall loss below 4 dB. We believe that this concept can be extended across the electromagnetic spectrum provided adequate tuning elements are available, with important implications in communication, sensing, and radar systems, as well as in thermal management and energy harvesting.