Firearm Storage in Gun-Owning Households with Children: Results of a 2015 National Survey
Firearm Storage in Gun-Owning Households with Children: Results of a 2015 National Survey
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DOI：
10.1007/s11524-018-0261-7
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Miller, Matthew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Azrael, Deborah;Cohen, Joanna;Miller, Matthew
2015年对美国成年人进行的具有全国代表性的基于概率的在线调查样本(n=3949，应答率55%)的数据被用来评估有孩子的枪支拥有者自我报告的枪支储存做法。从所有受访者中确定了家中是否有枪支和儿童，以及其他家庭和个人特征。与家用枪支有关的问题(枪支如何储存、数量、类型等)只询问了那些报告自己拥有枪支的受访者。我们发现，大约三分之一的美国家庭至少拥有一支枪支，无论儿童是否住在家里(0.34[0.29-0.39])或不住在家里(0.35[0.32-0.38])。在有子女的拥有枪支的家庭中，约有2/10的持枪者至少以最不安全的方式储存一支枪支，即上膛和未上锁(0.21[0.17-0.26])；3/10以最安全的方式储存所有枪支，即卸载和上锁(0.29，[0.24-0.34])；其余一半(0.50[0.45-0.55])以其他方式储存枪支。尽管枪支储存做法似乎不会因年龄、性别和种族等人口统计特征而有所不同，但如果枪支拥有者是女性(0.31[0.23-0.41])比男性(0.17[0.13-0.22])，拥有至少一支手枪(0.27[0.22-0.32]与没有手枪(0.05[0.02-0.15])，则更有可能储存至少一支上膛和未上锁的枪支)；或为保护而拥有枪支(0.29[0.24-0.35])与不拥有枪支以保护(0.03[0.01-0.08])。大约7%的美国儿童(460万)生活在至少有一支枪支储存、装载和解锁的家庭中，这一估计是2002年报告的估计值的两倍多，这是上一次具有全国代表性的调查评估这一结果的时候。在某种程度上，我们观察到的暴露在不安全储存中的儿童的高度流行反映了公众舆论的世俗变化，即家庭中有枪会使家庭更安全，而不是更不安全，旨在使家庭对儿童更安全的干预措施应该消除这种误解。仅靠指导，如美国儿科学会提供的指导，已经达不到要求。我们的调查结果强调需要作出更积极和更有创造性的努力，以减少儿童接触不安全储存的枪支。
Data from a nationally representative probability-based online survey sample of US adults conducted in 2015 (n = 3949, response rate 55%) were used to assess self-reported gun storage practices among gun owners with children. The presence of firearms and children in the home, along with other household and individual level characteristics, was ascertained from all respondents. Questions pertaining to household firearms (how guns are stored, number, type, etc.) were asked only of those respondents who reported that they personally owned a gun. We found that approximately one in three US households contains at least one firearm, regardless of whether children lived in the home (0.34 [0.29-0.39]) or not (0.35 [0.32-0.38]). Among gun-owning households with children, approximately two in ten gun owners store at least one gun in the least safe manner, i.e., loaded and unlocked (0.21 [0.17-0.26]); three in ten store all guns in the safest manner, i.e., unloaded and locked (0.29, [0.24-0.34]; and the remaining half (0.50 [0.45-0.55]) store firearms in some other way. Although firearm storage practices do not appear to vary across some demographic characteristics, including age, sex, and race, gun owners are more likely to store at least one gun loaded and unlocked if they are female (0.31 [0.23-0.41]) vs. male (0.17 [0.13-0.22]); own at least one handgun (0.27 [0.22-0.32] vs. no handguns (0.05 [0.02-0.15]); or own firearms for protection (0.29 [0.24-0.35]) vs. do not own for protection (0.03 [0.01-0.08]). Approximately 7% of US children (4.6 million) live in homes in which at least one firearm is stored loaded and unlocked, an estimate that is more than twice as high as estimates reported in 2002, the last time a nationally representative survey assessed this outcome. To the extent that the high prevalence of children exposed to unsafe storage that we observe reflects a secular change in public opinion towards the belief that having a gun in the home makes the home safer, rather than less safe, interventions that aim to make homes safer for children should address this misconception. Guidance alone, such as that offered by the American Academy of Pediatrics, has fallen short. Our findings underscore the need for more active and creative efforts to reduce children's exposure to unsafely stored firearms.