Remote Conversations: The Effects of Mediating Talk With Technology
Remote Conversations: The Effects of Mediating Talk With Technology
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远程对话：利用技术调解对话的效果
DOI：
10.1207/s15327051hci1004_2
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Sellen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Sellen
三种不同的视频会议系统，支持多方，远程会话的描述和评估实验。这三个系统的不同之处在于有多少参与者同时可见，他们的空间安排，以及对谁被看到的控制。使用这些系统的对话进行了比较，同房间（实验1）和音频（实验2）的对话。专门的语音跟踪设备记录了说话的开关模式，从而可以客观地测量对话的结构方面，例如话轮长度，停顿和中断。问卷和访谈还记录了参与者在各种情况下的意见和看法。
与预期相反的是，没有选择性凝视等视觉线索的系统在话轮转换或对话结构的任何其他方面都没有产生差异。事实上，即使在完全没有视觉信息的情况下，话轮转换也不会受到影响。总的来说，只有同一房间的条件与其他条件有显著差异;同一房间的人比任何技术中介条件产生更多的中断和更少的正式地板。在这方面，这些研究中检查的仅音频和视频系统是等同的。然而，对参与者的看法的分析表明，参与者认为，在调解对话中的视觉访问是既重要又有益的对话。此外，有迹象表明，不同视频系统的特定设计确实影响了会话行为的某些方面，例如保持侧面和平行会话的能力。
Three different videoconferencing systems for supporting multiparty, remote conversations are described and evaluated experimentally. The three systems differed by how many participants were visible at once, their spatial arrangement, and control over who was seen. Conversations using these systems were compared to same-room (Experiment 1) and audio-only (Experiment 2) conversations. Specialized speech-tracking equipment recorded the on-off patterns of speech that allowed objective measurement of structural aspects of the conversations, such as turn length, pauses, and interruptions. Questionnaires and interviews also documented participants' opinions and perceptions in the various settings.
Contrary to expectation, systems in which visual cues such as selective gaze were absent produced no differences in turn-taking or in any other aspect of the structure of conversation. In fact, turn-taking was unaffected even when visual information was completely absent. Overall, only the same-room condition showed any significant differences from any other condition; people in the same room produced more interruptions and fewer formal handovers of the floor than in any of the technology-mediated conditions. In this respect, the audio-only and video systems examined in these studies were equivalent. However, analyses of participants' perceptions showed that participants felt that visual access in mediated conversations was both important and beneficial in conversation. Further, there were indications that the particular design of the different video systems did affect some aspects of conversational behavior, such as the ability to hold side and parallel conversations.