R-loop formation is a distinctive characteristic of unmethylated human CpG island promoters.

R-loop formation is a distinctive characteristic of unmethylated human CpG island promoters.
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R环的形成是未甲基化的人类CpG岛启动子的独特特征。

DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2012.01.017
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发表时间:
2012-03-30
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Chédin F
Chédin F
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ginno PA;Lott PL;Christensen HC;Korf I;Chédin F

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CpG岛(cgi)是大约60%的人类基因的启动子。大多数这些元件仍然受到CpG甲基化的保护,CpG甲基化是一种与转录沉默相关的普遍表观遗传修饰。在这里,我们报道了甲基化抗性CGI启动子的特征是鸟嘌呤和胞嘧啶在转录起始位点下游的分布明显不对称(GC偏态)。利用创新的基因组学方法,我们发现通过GC偏位区域的转录导致长r环结构的形成。此外,我们发现GC偏斜和r环形成电位与cgi的未甲基化状态相关并预测。最后,我们提供的证据表明,r环的形成可以保护早期发育中主要的DNA甲基转移酶DNMT3B1。总之,这些结果表明,防止DNA甲基化是CGI启动子DNA序列的内在特征,这是由r环结构的共转录形成所揭示的。
CpG islands (CGIs) function as promoters for approximately 60% of human genes. Most of these elements remain protected from CpG methylation, a prevalent epigenetic modification associated with transcriptional silencing. Here, we report that methylation-resistant CGI promoters are characterized by significant strand asymmetry in the distribution of guanines and cytosines (GC skew) immediately downstream from their transcription start sites. Using innovative genomics methodologies, we show that transcription through regions of GC skew leads to the formation of long R-loop structures. Furthermore, we show that GC skew and R-loop formation potential is correlated with and predictive of the unmethylated state of CGIs. Finally, we provide evidence that R-loop formation protects from DNMT3B1, the primary de novo DNA methyltransferase in early development. Altogether, these results suggest that protection from DNA methylation is a built-in characteristic of the DNA sequence of CGI promoters that is revealed by the co-transcriptional formation of R-loop structures.
DOI: 10.1093/nar/8.3.555
发表时间: 1980-01-01
影响因子: 14.9
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