Access to education in six Eastern European countries between 1940 and 1985. Results of a cross-national survey
Access to education in six Eastern European countries between 1940 and 1985. Results of a cross-national survey
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DOI：
10.1016/s0967-067x(99)00017-3
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发表时间：
1999-12-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Nieuwbeerta, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ganzeboom, HBG;Nieuwbeerta, P
本文分析了1940年至1985年间六个东欧国家（保加利亚、捷克共和国、匈牙利、波兰、俄罗斯和斯洛伐克）接受教育的模式。与其他工业国家一样，自1940年以来，平均受教育程度（以持续时间，即在校年数衡量）大大提高。但在1970年之前，扩张最为迅速。在所有六个国家中，女性的受教育程度都高于男性。到1975年，在所研究的所有国家中，男女在受教育年限方面的差别实际上已经消失。父母的受教育程度（以父亲和母亲的平均受教育年限来衡量）被证明是孩子成就的主要决定因素。然而，从1940年到1985年，父母教育的影响下降了大约一半。文化资源（通过受访者成长过程中父母的文化行为来衡量）被证明是教育程度的一个强有力的预测指标，对男性和女性来说都是如此。它约占教育再生产效应的三分之一。然而，在共产主义制度下，文化背景的影响明显下降。最后，在这六个国家中，父母的政治资源（以父母的共产党员身份来衡量）对教育成就的影响是微弱但一致的。尽管这种影响在共产主义早期相对较强，但对较年轻的群体来说可以忽略不计。(C) 1999年加州大学董事会。Elsevier Science Ltd.出版。版权所有。
This paper presents an analysis of patterns of access to education in six Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Slovakia) between 1940 and 1985. As in other industrial countries, average educational attainment (measured by duration, i.e. years in school) has increased greatly since 1940. But the expansion was most rapid until 1970. In all six countries, women increased their educational attainment more than men. By 1975, the difference between men and women in regard to years of schooling had virtually disappeared in all countries studied. Parents' educational attainment (measured as average years of schooling of father and mother) proves to be a main determinant of their children's attainment. However, the effect of parents' education decreased by about half from 1940 to 1985. Cultural resources (measured by parents' cultural behavior while the respondent was growing up) turns out to be a strong predictor of educational attainment, and equally so for men and women. It accounts for about one-third of the educational reproduction effect. However, the effect of cultural background declined considerably under communism. Finally, parents' political resources (measured as parents membership of the Communist Party) is shown to have a weak but consistent effect on educational attainment in the six countries. Although this effect was relatively strong in the early communist period, it was negligible for the younger cohorts. (C) 1999 The Regents of the University of California. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.