Replacing relative reinforcing efficacy with behavioral economic demand curves
Replacing relative reinforcing efficacy with behavioral economic demand curves
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.2006.102-04
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Bickel, WK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, MW;Bickel, WK
相对强化效能是指一个强化物相对于另一个强化物的行为强化或维持特性。传统的相对强化效果测量有时会导致研究之间和内部的结果不一致。相比之下，以往的调查发现传统措施与行为经济措施是一致的，这为整合不一致的结果提供了一个框架。本研究检验了传统的相对强化效能测量与行为经济学需求曲线测量之间的一致性是否足够强，当对一个强化者的需求发生改变时，一致性是否仍然存在。在递进比例计划中，吸烟的人为了香烟或两个数量级的钱而拉活塞，这增加了整个会议的反应要求。对两种不同强化物的需求分别在单计划和并行计划中进行评估。需求曲线测量值P-max和O-max分别与传统的断点和峰值响应率测量值显著相关。在大多数情况下，单一时间表下货币和香烟需求曲线的相对位置预测了并行时间表的偏好。尽管货币的相对强化效果随货币数量的变化而变化，但传统经济措施与行为经济措施之间的一致性保持不变。这种强健的一致性支持了需求曲线应该取代相对强化效果的建议。需求曲线分析说明了为什么在某些实验条件下传统措施之间的一致性是预期的，而在其他条件下则不然。
Relative reinforcing efficacy refers to the behavior-strengthening or maintaining property of a reinforcer when compared to that of another reinforcer. Traditional measures of relative reinforcing efficacy sometimes have led to discordant results across and within studies. By contrast, previous investigations have found traditional measures to be congruent with behavioral economic measures, which provide a framework for integrating the discordant results. This Study tested whether the previously demonstrated congruence between traditional relative reinforcing efficacy measures and behavioral economic demand curve measures is sufficiently robust to persist when demand for one reinforcer is altered. Cigarette smokers Pulled plungers for cigarettes or two magnitudes of money on progressive-ratio schedules that increased the response requirement across sessions. Demand for the two different reinforcers was assessed in single-schedule and concurrent-schedule sessions. Demand curve measures P-max and O-max correlated significantly with traditional measures of breakpoint and peak response rate, respectively. Relative locations of demand curves for money and cigarettes under single schedules predicted preference in concurrent schedules in most cases. Although measures of relative reinforcing efficacy for money changed with money magnitude, the congruence between traditional and behavioral economic measures remained intact. This robust congruence supports the proposal that demand curves should replace measures of relative reinforcing efficacy. The demand curve analysis illustrates why concordance between traditional measures is expected under some experimental conditions but not others.