Convergences in the diversification of bats
Convergences in the diversification of bats
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DOI：
10.1093/czoolo/56.4.454
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Fenton, M. Brock
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fenton, M. Brock
根据蝙蝠分类的变化，考虑蝙蝠中的25个字符或字符套件。这些特征包括与访花(2个)、回声定位(12个)、栖息(6个)、繁殖(2个)有关的特征，以及3个具有未知适应功能的特征。在1998年和2006年蝙蝠亚目分类中(大翼翼目和小翼手目分别与翼翼目和翼手亚目)，亚目之间的一些趋同是相同的(例如，树叶栖息、搭建帐篷)，但与回声定位有关的其他亚目有很大的不同。在1998年，与回声定位(高占空比回声定位，回声定位叫声的鼻声发射)相关的系统发育汇聚发生在小翼手目之间。在2006年的系统发育中，它们出现在翼翼目和翼手目之间。虽然一些特征明显独立地出现在两个亚目中(例如，树叶栖息、搭建帐篷、低强度回声定位叫声、小叶、回声定位叫声的鼻声发射、高占空比回声定位行为)，但其他特征似乎是祖先(在狭窄空间中栖息、喉部回声定位、茎膜鼓膜接触、口头发出回声定位叫声，以及小窝仔)。通过胸部的狭窄轮廓是蝙蝠典型的反映胸骨的特征。这一特征表明，蝙蝠的祖先在小裂缝中度过了一天。与喉部回声定位相关的特征似乎是祖先的，这表明回声定位在蝙蝠中进化得很早，但后来在一个翼手目世系中消失了[当代动物学56(4)：454-468,2010]。
Twenty-five characters or suites of characters from bats are considered in light of changes in bat classification. The characters include some associated with flower-visiting (two), echolocation (12), roosting (six), reproduction (two) and three are of unknown adaptive function. In both the 1998 and 2006 classifications of bats into suborders (Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera versus Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera, respectively), some convergences between suborders are the same (e.g., foliage roosting, tent building), but others associated with echolocation differ substantially. In the 1998 phylogeny convergences associated with echolocation (high duty cycle echolocation, nasal emission of echolocation calls) occurred among the Microchiroptera. In the 2006 phylogeny, they occur between Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera. While some traits apparently arose independently in two suborders (e.g., foliage-roosting, tent building, low intensity echolocation calls, noseleafs, nasal emission of echolocation calls, high duty cycle echolocation behaviour), others appear to have been ancestral (roosting in narrow spaces, laryngeal echolocation, stylohyal-tympanic contact, oral emission of echolocation calls, and small litter size). A narrow profile through the chest is typical of bats reflecting the thoracic skeleton. This feature suggests that the ancestors of bats spent the day in small crevices. Features associated with laryngeal echolocation appear to be ancestral, suggesting that echolocation evolved early in bats but was subsequently lost in one yinpterochiropteran lineage [Current Zoology 56 (4): 454-468, 2010].