Contribution of maternal effects to dietary selection in Mediterranean fruit flies.
Contribution of maternal effects to dietary selection in Mediterranean fruit flies.
复制标题
母体效应对地中海果蝇饮食选择的贡献。
DOI：
10.1111/evo.13664
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Leftwich PT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leftwich PT
个体对饮食变化的反应是健康的一个基本组成部分，营养适应可以发生在短短几代人。母体效应可以显示出对营养的明显的近似反应，但它们是否有助于长期的饮食适应尚不清楚。在这里，我们测试的假设，母亲的影响：（i）有助于饮食适应，（ii）减少时，饮食条件是恒定的世代之间，（iii）是特质特异性和（iv）与高质量和低质量的食物相互作用。我们在地中海实蝇（Ceratitis capitata）中使用实验进化制度来测试这些预测，方法是使远交的实验室适应种群在恒定的高热量糖（“A”）或低热量淀粉（“S”）幼虫饮食上进行复制实验进化，在两种制度中均使用标准成人饮食。我们测量的贡献，母体的影响，通过比较发育和成人的表型的个人饲养在自己的饮食与那些交换到相反的饮食，无论是一个或两个世代（高和低的母体效应条件，分别），无论是在开始和30代的选择。最初，有很强的母亲对女性的体重和男性交配成功，但没有幼虫存活的影响。有趣的是，在女性体重和男性交配成功率中观察到的初始母体效应显示，当高热量制度的个体在低热量饮食中进行测试时，性别特异性相互作用。然而，随着种群对选择的反应，母体供应对所有性状的影响都减弱了。结果基本上支持了这些预测。他们展示了母体效应对饮食反应的贡献如何以依赖于环境的方式演变，在不同的健身相关特征之间存在显着差异。我们的结论是，母亲的影响可以在营养适应过程中发展，因此可能是一个重要的生活史特征来衡量，而不是常规最小化。
Individual responses to dietary variation represent a fundamental component of fitness, and nutritional adaptation can occur over just a few generations. Maternal effects can show marked proximate responses to nutrition, but whether they contribute to longer term dietary adaptation is unclear. Here, we tested the hypotheses that maternal effects: (i) contribute to dietary adaptation, (ii) diminish when dietary conditions are constant between generations, (iii) are trait-specific and (iv) interact with high- and low-quality food. We used experimental evolution regimes in the medfly (Ceratitis capitata) to test these predictions by subjecting an outbred laboratory-adapted population to replicated experimental evolution on either constant high calorie sugar (‘A’) or low-calorie starch (‘S’) larval diets, with a standard adult diet across both regimes. We measured the contribution of maternal effects by comparing developmental and adult phenotypes of individuals reared on their own diet with those swapped onto the opposite diet for either one or two generations (high and low maternal effect conditions, respectively), both at the start and after 30 generations of selection. Initially, there were strong maternal effects on female body mass and male mating success but not larval survival. Interestingly, the initial maternal effects observed in female body mass and male mating success showed sex-specific interactions when individuals from high calorie regimes were tested on low calorie diets. However, as populations responded to selection, the effects of maternal provisioning on all traits diminished. The results broadly supported the predictions. They show how the contribution of maternal effects to dietary responses evolves in a context-dependent manner, with significant variation across different fitness-related traits. We conclude that maternal effects can evolve during nutritional adaptation and hence may be an important life history trait to measure, rather than to routinely minimize.