Drivers of fatal bird collisions in an urban center
Drivers of fatal bird collisions in an urban center
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2101666118
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发表时间：
2021-06
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Benjamin M. Van Doren;D. Willard;Mary Hennen;K. Horton;E. Stuber;D. Sheldon;Ashwin H. Sivakumar;Julia Wang;Andrew Farnsworth;Benjamin M. Winger
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作者：
Benjamin M. Van Doren;D. Willard;Mary Hennen;K. Horton;E. Stuber;D. Sheldon;Ashwin H. Sivakumar;Julia Wang;Andrew Farnsworth;Benjamin M. Winger
与建筑物的碰撞是鸟类死亡的一个重要原因，仅在北美每年就有数亿只鸟类死亡。夜间迁徙的鸟类被人工照明吸引并迷失方向，使光污染成为碰撞死亡率的一个重要因素，人们越来越关注减轻光的影响以保护迁徙的鸟类。我们使用二十年的数据表明，迁移幅度，光输出，和风力条件是重要的预测碰撞在芝加哥的一个大型建筑物和减少照明窗口面积可以减少鸟类死亡率的60%。我们发现，熄灭灯光可以减少鸟类死亡，这对旨在消除鸟类死亡的一个重要原因的保护行动具有全球意义。每年有数百万只迁徙的鸟类死于与建筑物的碰撞，特别是明亮的建筑物和通信塔。减少这一死亡来源需要了解重要的行为、气象和人为因素，但我们缺乏对迁徙、人工照明和天气条件在造成致命鸟类碰撞中的相互作用的了解。使用二十年的碰撞调查和并发的天气和迁移措施，我们的碰撞发生在芝加哥的大型城市建筑物的模型数量。我们发现，夜间鸟类迁徙的幅度，建设光输出，风力条件是最重要的预测致命的碰撞。最高的死亡率发生在大型夜间迁徙活动期间，当风将鸟类沿着在芝加哥湖岸时。我们估计，在春季和秋季，照明窗口面积减半可使碰撞计数分别减少11倍和6倍。通过将照明窗口面积减少到历史记录的最低水平，该地点的鸟类死亡率可降低60%。本研究为夜间迁徙强度与城市鸟类死亡率之间的关系提供了强有力的支持，这种关系是由光污染和当地大气条件介导的。虽然我们的研究集中在一个单一的地点，但我们的发现对减少或消除鸟类死亡的一个至关重要的原因具有全球意义。
Significance Collisions with built structures are an important source of bird mortality, killing hundreds of millions of birds annually in North America alone. Nocturnally migrating birds are attracted to and disoriented by artificial lighting, making light pollution an important factor in collision mortality, and there is growing interest in mitigating the impacts of light to protect migrating birds. We use two decades of data to show that migration magnitude, light output, and wind conditions are important predictors of collisions at a large building in Chicago and that decreasing lighted window area could reduce bird mortality by ∼60%. Our finding that extinguishing lights can reduce bird death has global implications for conservation action campaigns aimed at eliminating an important cause of bird mortality. Millions of nocturnally migrating birds die each year from collisions with built structures, especially brightly illuminated buildings and communication towers. Reducing this source of mortality requires knowledge of important behavioral, meteorological, and anthropogenic factors, yet we lack an understanding of the interacting roles of migration, artificial lighting, and weather conditions in causing fatal bird collisions. Using two decades of collision surveys and concurrent weather and migration measures, we model numbers of collisions occurring at a large urban building in Chicago. We find that the magnitude of nocturnal bird migration, building light output, and wind conditions are the most important predictors of fatal collisions. The greatest mortality occurred when the building was brightly lit during large nocturnal migration events and when winds concentrated birds along the Chicago lakeshore. We estimate that halving lighted window area decreases collision counts by 11× in spring and 6× in fall. Bird mortality could be reduced by ∼60% at this site by decreasing lighted window area to minimum levels historically recorded. Our study provides strong support for a relationship between nocturnal migration magnitude and urban bird mortality, mediated by light pollution and local atmospheric conditions. Although our research focuses on a single site, our findings have global implications for reducing or eliminating a critically important cause of bird mortality.