Two-dimensional materials for bio-realistic neuronal computing networks
Two-dimensional materials for bio-realistic neuronal computing networks
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DOI：
10.1016/j.matt.2022.10.017
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发表时间：
2022-12
期刊：
影响因子：
18.9
通讯作者：
V. Sangwan;Stephanie E. Liu;A. Trivedi;M. Hersam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Sangwan;Stephanie E. Liu;A. Trivedi;M. Hersam
二维范德华材料在电子学、光电子学、可再生能源和量子信息技术等领域有着广泛的应用。与此同时，指数级增长的数字数据加上人工智能算法的无处不在，引发了人们对边缘神经形态计算作为集中式云计算的替代方案的浓厚兴趣。将神经科学原理融入计算硬件的动力来自于人脑的低功耗、并行处理和可重新配置。多样化的2D材料库具有原子级的厚度、出色的静电可调整性和集成的多功能性，特别适合实现生物逼真的突触和神经元功能。在这里，我们总结过去和现在在这一领域的工作，并概述尚未克服的前沿挑战。我们还描述了潜在的解决方案，并建议神经科学的临界性和同步性原则有可能激发2D材料在神经元计算网络中的突破性应用。
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials have found broad utility in a diverse range of applications including electronics, optoelectronics, renewable energy, and quantum information technologies. Meanwhile, exponentially growing digital data coupled with the ubiquity of artificial intelligence algorithms have generated significant interest in edge neuromorphic computing as an alternative to centralized cloud computing. The drive to incorporate neuroscience principles into computing hardware is motivated by the low power consumption, parallel processing, and reconfigurability of the human brain. The diverse library of 2D materials with atomic-level thicknesses, exceptional electrostatic tunability, and integration versatility is particularly well-suited for realizing bio-realistic synaptic and neuronal functionality. Here, we summarize past and present work in this field and outline the frontier challenges that have not yet been overcome. We also delineate potential solutions and suggest that the neuroscience principles of criticality and synchrony have the potential to inspire breakthrough applications of 2D materials in neuronal computing networks.