Using Blur to Affect Perceived Distance and Size
Using Blur to Affect Perceived Distance and Size
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DOI：
10.1145/1731047.1731057
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Banks, Martin S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Held, Robert T.;Cooper, Emily A.;Banks, Martin S.
我们提出了一个概率模型，观众如何使用散焦模糊结合其他图片线索，以估计绝对距离的对象在场景中。我们的模型解释了图像中的模糊模式以及相对深度线索如何指示图像内容的表观规模。从模型中，我们开发了一个半自动化的算法，适用于模糊急剧渲染的图像，从而改变了明显的距离和规模的场景的内容。为了检查模型/算法与实际观众体验之间的对应关系，我们对人类观众进行了一项实验，并将他们对绝对距离的估计与模型的预测进行了比较。我们这样做的图像与几何正确的模糊，由于散焦和图像与常用的近似正确的模糊。实验数据和模型预测之间的协议是优秀的。该模型预测，一些近似值应该工作良好，而另一些则不应该。人类观众对各种类型的模糊的反应与模型预测的方式大致相同。该模型和算法允许精确地操纵模糊，并有效地实现所需的感知尺度。
We present a probabilistic model of how viewers may use defocus blur in conjunction with other pictorial cues to estimate the absolute distances to objects in a scene. Our model explains how the pattern of blur in an image together with relative depth cues indicates the apparent scale of the image's contents. From the model, we develop a semiautomated algorithm that applies blur to a sharply rendered image and thereby changes the apparent distance and scale of the scene's contents. To examine the correspondence between the model/algorithm and actual viewer experience, we conducted an experiment with human viewers and compared their estimates of absolute distance to the model's predictions. We did this for images with geometrically correct blur due to defocus and for images with commonly used approximations to the correct blur. The agreement between the experimental data and model predictions was excellent. The model predicts that some approximations should work well and that others should not. Human viewers responded to the various types of blur in much the way the model predicts. The model and algorithm allow one to manipulate blur precisely and to achieve the desired perceived scale efficiently.