Policy Interventions to Catalyze Uptake of Energy Efficiency Upgrades in the US
Policy Interventions to Catalyze Uptake of Energy Efficiency Upgrades in the US
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促进美国能源效率升级的政策干预
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发表时间：
2020
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通讯作者：
H. Parekh
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作者：
H. Parekh
超过50%的美国建筑库存早于1970年-其中许多建筑具有低性能、过时和低效的设备和系统，导致了能源密集型建筑库存(美国环境影响评估，2015)。美国商业建筑能源改造市场估计价值720亿美元，预计对1980年以前的商业建筑进行改造以减少30%的能源消耗，可以节省2800亿美元的能源，并在10年内累计创造850,000个工作岗位。尽管有巨大的节约潜力，但由于多个未解决的市场和非市场障碍，美国能效项目的总体接受率仍然较低。这篇论文是一项广泛的三方定性研究，针对许多商业建筑决策者对无所作为的担忧，以及为克服这种无所作为而进行的政策干预。论文的第一个组成部分是描述性分析，确定和分析关键障碍，然后制定政策工具来解决每个障碍。这一分析部分的主要结论是，需要克服能源改造外部融资方面的知识障碍。第二部分是政策分析，以评估现有的政策机制和可能的替代办法。这一分析部分的主要结论是，通过提供融资决策支持工具进行政策干预的可行性。在前两项调查结果的基础上，第三部分侧重于制定一项政策工具，以便通过一个汇总、精简和简化的框架有效地利用外部筹资资源。这种资源可以在整个周期内为决策者提供全方位的支持--从了解和确定可用方案，到通过其三个模块评估资格和申请过程--1.接口模块：最少的用户输入和细粒度、简化的数据输出2。数据库模块：外部融资方案信息的聚合库3。流程模块：用于简化现金流分析的依赖于输入的计算字段。本研究对文献提供了三个主要贡献，每个都代表论文的三个组成部分之一。本论文提供：·政策制定者详细了解阻碍商业建筑决策者投资能源改造的障碍。·能效计划设计者评估了解决障碍的不同政策努力的影响。·商业建筑决策者能够访问政策工具，该政策工具的形式包括：(A)简化的经济评估信息：向商业建筑决策者提供14个外部融资工具的现金流分析；(B)全面的外部融资数据库，按地理位置、建筑类型提供精细信息，资金来源和能源节约方法。研究的每个组成部分的结果都通过焦点小组和半结构化访谈形式的利益相关者的反馈进一步得到证实。根据利益相关者的反馈，拟议的计划指标可以有效地帮助建筑业主、企业主和建筑经理驾驭他们认为具有挑战性的能源改造融资过程。
Over 50% of the US building stock pre-dates 1970 - many of these buildings have low performing, outdated and inefficient equipment and systems resulting in an energy intensive building stock (US EIA, 2015). The US commercial building energy retrofit market is estimated at $72 billion and it is projected that retrofitting commercial buildings pre-dating 1980 to reduce energy use by 30%, could result in $280billion energy savings and an influx of 850,000 cumulative job years over 10 years. Despite the potential for tremendous savings, the overall uptake of energy efficiency projects still remains low in the US due to multiple unaddressed market and non-market barriers. This thesis is an extensive tripartite qualitative research into concerns about inaction by many commercial building decision makers and policy intervention to overcome this inaction. The first component in the thesis is a descriptive analysis identifying and analyzing the key barriers and then mapping policy tools to address each barrier. The chief finding from this analysis component is the need to overcome the knowledge barriers regarding external financing for energy retrofits. The second component is a policy analysis to evaluate existing policy mechanisms and possible alternatives. The chief finding from this analysis component is the viability of policy intervention through provision of financing decision supporttools. Building on the first two findings, the third component focuses on the formulation of a policy tool to effectively leverage resources for external financing through an aggregated, streamlined and simplified framework. Such a resource could provide decision makers with holistic support through the entire cycle - from understanding and identifying available programs, to assessing qualification and application process through its three modules –1. Interface Module: Minimal user input and granular, simplified data output2. Database Module: An aggregated repository of external financing program information3. Process Module: Input dependent calculated fields for simplified cash-flow analysis.This research provides three main contributions to the literature, each representing one of three dissertation components. This dissertation provides:• Policy makers detailed insights into the barriers inhibiting commercial building decision makersfrom investing in energy retrofits.• Energy efficiency program designers with an evaluation of the impact of different policy efforts to address the barriers.• Commercial building decision makers with access to a policy tool in the form of a ‘retrofit financing decision support’ resource that comprises of:(a) Simplified Economic Assessment Information: cash-flow analysis for 14 external financing vehicles to commercial building decision makers and(b) A comprehensive external financing database to provide granular information by geography, building type, financing source and energy conservation method.The findings from each component of the research is further substantiated through feedback from stakeholders in the form of focus group and semi-structured interviews. Based on the stakeholder feedback, the proposed program metrics can effectively help building owners, business owners andbuilding managers navigate through what they view as a challenging financing process for energy retrofits.