EXTINCTION SPACE—A METHOD FOR THE QUANTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF CHANGES IN MORPHOSPACE ACROSS EXTINCTION BOUNDARIES

EXTINCTION SPACE—A METHOD FOR THE QUANTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF CHANGES IN MORPHOSPACE ACROSS EXTINCTION BOUNDARIES
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灭绝空间对跨越灭绝边界的形态空间变化进行量化和分类的方法

DOI:
10.1111/evo.12162
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Walton
Walton
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hopkins;Walton

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三种主要的灭绝模式负责减少形态差异:(1)随机(由非选择性灭绝事件引起);(2)边缘(对称,选择性灭绝事件修剪形态空间的边缘);(3)横向(非对称,选择性灭绝事件消除形态空间的一侧)。这三种类型的灭绝事件可以通过比较形态空间占据的三种测量方法的变化来彼此区分:(1)沿主轴沿着的范围之和;(2)方差之和;(3)质心的位置。各种灭绝事件的计算机模拟表明,灭绝前分布的类群(随机或正常)在形态空间的差异变化的量化影响不大,而灭绝事件的模式起主要作用。这三个视差度量一起定义了一个“消光空间”,在该空间中,不同的消光事件可以直接相互比较。应用该方法对部分菊石类灭绝事件(弗拉斯期-法门期、泥盆纪-石炭纪和二叠纪-三叠纪)进行了研究,结果表明泥盆纪灭绝事件与二叠纪末灭绝事件具有相似性(选择性灭绝),但与二叠纪末灭绝事件(非选择性灭绝)存在显著差异。这些事件的灭绝模式不同,尽管在分类多样性减少类似的幅度。
Three main modes of extinction are responsible for reductions in morphological disparity: (1) random (caused by a nonselective extinction event); (2) marginal (a symmetric, selective extinction event trimming the margin of morphospace); and (3) lateral (an asymmetric, selective extinction event eliminating one side of the morphospace). These three types of extinction event can be distinguished from one another by comparing changes in three measures of morphospace occupation: (1) the sum of range along the main axes; (2) the sum of variance; and (3) the position of the centroid. Computer simulations of various extinction events demonstrate that the pre-extinction distribution of taxa (random or normal) in the morphospace has little influence on the quantification of disparity changes, whereas the modes of the extinction events play the major role. Together, the three disparity metrics define an “extinction-space” in which different extinction events can be directly compared with one another. Application of this method to selected extinction events (Frasnian-Famennian, Devonian-Carboniferous, and Permian-Triassic) of the Ammonoidea demonstrate the similarity of the Devonian events (selective extinctions) but the striking difference from the end-Permian event (nonselective extinction). These events differ in their mode of extinction despite decreases in taxonomic diversity of similar magnitude.
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