Ammonia Toxicity Induces Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis in Hybrid Grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x ♂ E. lanceolatu)
Ammonia Toxicity Induces Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis in Hybrid Grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x ♂ E. lanceolatu)
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2021.667432
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发表时间：
2021-04-21
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Yang, Yuanzhi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yan, Xiaobo;Chen, Yu;Yang, Yuanzhi
研究急性氨应激对杂交石斑鱼(？)褐点石斑鱼？？选择300尾初始体重为51.4±2.57g的健康石斑鱼幼鱼进行急性氨应激实验，试验时间分别为24、48、72和96h。结果表明：(1)氨胁迫对石斑鱼的半数致死浓度分别为39.5 mg/L、27.3 mg/L、26.5 mg/L、25.0 mg/L、96 h，安全浓度为2.5 mg/L；(2)急性氨应激下，石斑鱼血清和肝脏生化指标发生波动(P<；0.05)，血清皮质醇和乳酸含量在72 h达到最大值(P<；0.05)。(3)氨胁迫24 h后，肝脏中碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶活性和免疫球蛋白M含量均显著升高(P<；0.05)。同时，各氨应激组大鼠肝脏丙二醛含量均升高(P<；0.05)。(4)氨中毒引起抗氧化性基因、炎性细胞因子和细胞凋亡基因表达显著上调(P<；0.05)，其中以24 h氨应激组表达最高。(5)水体中氨含量改变了石斑鱼肠道微生物的丰度和均匀度，主要表现为氨胁迫显著提高了梭杆菌的相对丰度，而显著降低了双生菌的相对丰度(P<；0.05)。推测氨中毒诱导石斑鱼细胞凋亡可能与氧化应激和炎症因子的激活有关，过度的炎症应激可能是杂交石斑鱼氨中毒的原因之一。
To study the effects of acute ammonia stress on the poisoning reaction of the hybrid grouper (? Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ? ? E. lanceolatu), 300 healthy grouper juveniles with an initial body weight of 51.4 ? 2.57 g were selected for an acute ammonia stress experiment using a half-lethal concentration of ammonia for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h with triplicate. The results show that (1) The half-lethal concentrations of ammonia for a hybrid grouper were 39.5 mg/L for 24 h, 27.3 mg/L for 48 h, 26.5 mg/L for 72 h, and 25.0 mg/L for 96 h, and the safe concentration was 2.50 mg/L. (2) The biochemical indices of the serum and livers of the groupers fluctuated under acute ammonia stress (P < 0.05), and the contents of serum cortisol and lactate reached the maximum value in 72 h (P < 0.05). (3) 24 h ammonia stress increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, and the content of immunoglobulin M in the liver (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, all ammonia-stressed fish groups had an increased amount of malondialdehyde in the liver (P < 0.05). (4) The ammonia poisoning caused significantly up-regulation of antioxidant genes, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis genes (P < 0.05), and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis genes were the highest in 24 h ammonia stress group. (5) The ammonia content in the water changed the abundance and evenness of intestinal microbes in grouper, mainly in that ammonia stress significantly increased the relative abundance of fusobacteria, but significantly decreased the relative abundance of gemmatimonadetes (P < 0.05). It was speculated that apoptosis induced by ammonia poisoning in grouper may be related to oxidative stress and the activation of inflammatory factors, and excessive inflammatory stress may be one of the causes of ammonia poisoning in the hybrid grouper.