EXPOSURE TO GAMBIAN CHILDREN TO ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE MALARIA VECTORS IN AN IRRIGATED RICE PRODUCTION AREA
EXPOSURE TO GAMBIAN CHILDREN TO ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE MALARIA VECTORS IN AN IRRIGATED RICE PRODUCTION AREA
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2915.1995.tb00116.x
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发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
WILKINS, HA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LINDSAY, SW;ARMSTRONG, JRM;WILKINS, HA
冈比亚靠近水稻种植灌区的一个村庄记录了儿童接触冈比亚按蚊复合体的疟疾媒介的变化。1987年和1988年在两个旱季和两个雨季进行了观测，其中两个旱季用抽水种植水稻，两个雨季用灌溉和雨水稻田相结合的方式生产水稻。蚊子的常规收集是从蚊帐下进行的。这些标本中的大多数被认为是以蚊帐的居住者为食，因此代表了接触疟疾的粗略衡量标准。村里的大多数蚊帐状况良好，但即使是这些蚊帐也不能很好地防御觅血的蚊子。冈比亚按蚊数量每年有两次高峰期。与旱季和雨季的稻田灌溉相对应。在村内媒介较少的情况下，用泊松过程描述蚊帐诱蚊的频次分布最好。当数量较大时，日分布过度分散，符合负二项模型。蚊子的空间分布在旱季和雨季之间有所不同，并与夜间的主要风向有关，这表明风有助于蚊子从滋生地点扩散。对于个别儿童来说，雨季接触疟疾媒介的增加与居住在蚊子滋生地点附近、居住在较大的院落中、房子里有敞开的屋檐、卧室旁边的储物室、卧室没有天花板、室内没有木烟和晚上不把蚊帐卷起来有关。在旱季，高暴露水平与居住在蚊子滋生地点附近、有一个没有围栏的院落、睡在没有天花板的房间里以及使用杀虫剂气雾剂有关。这些观察表明，在一个村庄内，个别儿童接触疟疾寄生虫的水平存在系统和持久的差异。
Variation in exposure of children to malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae complex was recorded in a Gambian village situated near an irrigated area of rice cultivation. Observations were made in 1987 and 1988 during two dry seasons, when pumped water was used to grow rice, and two rainy seasons, when rice was produced using a combination of irrigated and rainfed paddies. Routine collections of mosquitoes were made from under bednets. Most of these specimens were assumed to have fed on the occupants of the net and thus represented a crude measure of exposure to malaria. Most nets in the village were in good condition, but even these were a poor defence against blood-seeking mosquitoes.Two annual peaks in the numbers of An.gambiae s.l. corresponded with the irrigation of rice paddies in the dry and wet seasons. When there were few vectors in the village the frequency distribution of mosquitoes caught under nets was described best by a Poisson process. When high numbers were present the daily distributions were over-dispersed and fitted a negative binomial model. The spatial distribution of mosquitoes varied between dry and wet seasons and was related to the predominant wind direction at night, suggesting that wind assisted the dispersal of mosquitoes from their breeding sites.For individual children in the rainy season, increased exposure to malaria vectors was associated with living adjacent to a mosquito breeding site, being resident in larger compounds, having open eaves in the house, a store-room adjacent to the bedroom, the absence of a ceiling in the bedroom, the absence of wood smoke indoors and leaving the bednet untucked at night. In the dry season a high level of exposure was associated with living close to a mosquito breeding site, having an unfenced compound, sleeping in a room without a ceiling and using insecticide aerosols. These observations demonstrate that within a village there are systematic and persistent differences in the level of exposure to malaria parasites experienced by individual children.