Comparison of Cryptococcus gattii/neoformans Species Complex to Related Genera (Papiliotrema and Naganishia) Reveal Variances in Virulence Associated Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility.
Comparison of Cryptococcus gattii/neoformans Species Complex to Related Genera (Papiliotrema and Naganishia) Reveal Variances in Virulence Associated Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2021.642658
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Chaves GM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oliveira LSS;Pinto LM;de Medeiros MAP;Toffaletti DL;Tenor JL;Barros TF;Neves RP;Neto RGL;Milan EP;Padovan ACB;Rocha WPDS;Perfect JR;Chaves GM
隐球菌病是一种世界性的传染病，由担子菌门的包膜酵母引起。隐球菌属包括分布在世界各地的几个种类。大多数隐球菌病主要是由加蒂隐球菌/新生隐球菌物种复合体引起的。然而，在其他相关属中，已经发表了由laurentii（隐球菌）Papiliotrema（隐球菌）和Naganishia albida（隐球菌）引起的临床系列感染。在这里，我们检测了从环境和临床样本中分离的加蒂梭菌/新形态梭菌种复合体（分支I和II）和相关属（Papiliotrema和Naganishia）的致病潜力和抗真菌敏感性。P. laurentii （III支系），N. liquefasciens/N。性多症（分支IV）；adelensis /N。albida（进化枝V）菌株产生更高水平的磷脂酶和溶血素，而C. gatii /neoformans复合菌株（进化枝I和II）具有明显更厚的荚膜，产生更多的生物膜生物量和黑色素，这些都是已知的毒力属性。有趣的是，40%的新生C.菌株（进化支II）的mic高于该物种对两性霉素b的ECV。gatti /新生球菌物种复合体（III至V支）的mic等于或高于对所有三种抗真菌药物测试的deuterogatti和新生球菌建立的ecv。最后，所有非c。gatii /neoformans临床分离株（III至V支）比环境分离株产生更多的黑色素，这可能反映了它们在体内保护过程中对黑色素的需求特别增强。很明显，C. gatti /新形态物种复合体（分支I和II）菌株与非C. gatti相比，通常表现出更相似的毒力表型。加蒂虫/新形态虫种复合体（III至V枝）分离株。这些观察结果，再加上从大学医院外收集的劳伦氏芽孢杆菌和Naganishia芽孢杆菌（III至V枝）菌株，确定了这些酵母对环境和患者定植的重要特征，进一步确定了这些不常见病原体感染的机制。
Cryptococcosis is an infectious disease of worldwide distribution, caused by encapsulated yeasts belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota. The genus Cryptococcus includes several species distributed around the world. The C. gattii/neoformans species complex is largely responsible for most cases of cryptococcosis. However, clinical series have been published of infections caused by Papiliotrema (Cryptococcus) laurentii and Naganishia albida (Cryptococcus albidus), among other related genera. Here, we examined the pathogenic potential and antifungal susceptibility of C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades I and II) and related genera (Papiliotrema and Naganishia) isolated from environmental and clinical samples. P. laurentii (clade III), N. liquefasciens/N. albidosimilis (clade IV); and N. adeliensis/N. albida (clade V) strains produced higher levels of phospholipase and hemolysins, whereas the C. gattii/neoformans species complex strains (clades I and II) had markedly thicker capsules, produced more biofilm biomass and melanin, which are known virulence attributes. Interestingly, 40% of C. neoformans strains (clade II) had MICs above the ECV established for this species to amphotericin B. Several non-C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades III to V) had MICs equal to or above the ECVs established for C. deuterogattii and C. neoformans for all the three antifungal drugs tested. Finally, all the non-C. gattii/neoformans clinical isolates (clades III to V) produced more melanin than the environmental isolates might reflect their particularly enhanced need for melanin during in vivo protection. It is very clear that C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades I and II) strains, in general, show more similar virulence phenotypes between each other when compared to non-C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades III to V) isolates. These observations together with the fact that P. laurentii and Naganishia spp. (clades III to V) strains were collected from the outside of a University Hospital, identify features of these yeasts important for environmental and patient colonization and furthermore, define mechanisms for infections with these uncommon pathogens.