Cradle-to-cradle design: creating healthy emissions - a strategy for eco-effective product and system design
Cradle-to-cradle design: creating healthy emissions - a strategy for eco-effective product and system design
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.08.003
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Bollinger, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Braungart, Michael;McDonough, William;Bollinger, Andrew
生态效益和从摇篮到摇篮的设计提出了一种替代零排放和生态效益战略的设计和生产概念。生态效率和零排放旨在减少生产和消费过程中无意产生的负面影响，而生态效率则是一项积极的议程，有助于构想和生产具有社会、经济和环境效益的商品和服务，实现三重顶线增长。生态-通过专注于开发产品和工业系统，保持或提高质量，通过随后的生命周期提高材料的生产率。生态效益的概念还涉及生态效益办法的主要缺点：它们无法解决对物质流进行根本性重新设计的必要性，它们对长期经济增长和创新的固有对抗，以及它们在解决毒性问题方面的不足。从摇篮到摇篮的设计提供了一个实用的设计框架，用于创造与生态健康和丰富以及长期经济增长有积极关系的产品和工业系统。在这种背景下，向生态有效的工业系统过渡是一个五步过程，从消除不需要的物质开始，最终要求重新发明产品，重新考虑如何使产品最佳地满足实际需要，同时支持生态和社会系统。有效的“养分”管理系统，以协调产品系统中各参与者之间的物质流。智能材料池的概念说明了这样一个系统在现实中是如何形成的。(C)2006爱思唯尔有限公司出版
Eco-effectiveness and cradle-to-cradle design present an alternative design and production concept to the strategies of zero emission and eco-3efficiency. Where eco-efficiency and zero emission seek to reduce the unintended negative consequences of processes of production and consumption, eco-effectiveness is a positive agenda for the conception and production of goods and services that incorporate social, economic, and environmental benefit, enabling triple top line growth.Eco-effectiveness moves beyond zero emission approaches by focusing on the development of products and industrial systems that maintain or enhance the quality and productivity of materials through subsequent life cycles. The concept of eco-effectiveness also addresses the major shortcomings of eco-efficiency approaches: their inability to address the necessity for fundamental redesign of material flows, their inherent antagonism towards long-term economic growth and innovation, and their insufficiency in addressing toxicity issues.A central component of the eco-effectiveness concept, cradle-to-cradle design provides a practical design framework for creating products and industrial systems in a positive relationship with ecological health and abundance, and long-term economic growth. Against this background, the transition to eco-effective industrial systems is a five-step process beginning with an elimination of undesirable substances and ultimately calling for a reinvention of products by reconsidering how they may optimally fulfill the need or needs for which they are actually intended while simultaneously being supportive of ecological and social systems.This process necessitates the creation of an eco-effective system of '' nutrient '' management to coordinate the material flows amongst actors in the product system. The concept of intelligent materials pooling illustrates how such a system might take shape, in reality. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.