What causes the insight memory advantage?
What causes the insight memory advantage?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104411
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Wiley, Jennifer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Danek, Amory H.;Wiley, Jennifer
先前的研究表明，解决方案伴随着一声啊哈！经历比那些错过这种顿悟的感觉更能让人记住。目前研究的问题是，这种洞察力记忆对解决问题的优势是否受到洞察力的情感成分(通常伴随着Aha！经验)，或通过认知部分(在有洞察力的问题解决过程中发生的重组或代表性变化)。在这两项研究中，参与者观看了一组魔术视频，以生成每个技巧是如何完成的解决方案，并在延迟一周后测试生成的解决方案的记忆力。他们还表示，他们在多大程度上经历了一场啊哈！解决问题的时刻，以及对他们经历的其他看法。在第二项研究中，作为重构问题表征的一种衡量标准，他们还多次评估了五个动作动词在解题过程中对每个技巧的关联性(包括一个暗示正确答案的动作动词)。结果最能支持洞察力记忆优势的解释是，它是找到正确解决方案的共同结果，一个人已经找到了正确解决方案的主观感觉(确定性)，以及在解决问题的过程中经历一种情感上的愉悦反应，所有这些都有助于对解决方案的更好记忆。然而，它似乎并不依赖于通过突然的重组过程达成解决方案。
Prior research indicates that solutions accompanied by an Aha! experience are remembered better than those missing this feeling of epiphany. The question for the present studies was whether this insight memory advantage for problem solutions is modulated by the affective component of insight (the strong feelings that typically accompany the Aha! experience), or by the cognitive component (the restructuring or representational change that occurs during insightful problem solving). In both studies, participants viewed a set of magic trick videos to generate solutions for how each trick was done, and memory for the generated solutions was tested after a week delay. They also indicated the extent to which they experienced an Aha! moment at solution along with other perceptions of their experience. In the second study, they additionally rated the relevance of five action verbs for each trick (including one that implied the correct solution) multiple times during solution as a measure of restructuring the problem representation. The explanation for the insight memory advantage that was best supported by the results is that it is the joint consequence of finding correct solutions, the subjective feeling that one has found a correct solution (certainty), and experiencing an emotional pleasurable reaction during the problem solving process that all contribute to better memory for the solution. However, it did not seem to rely on having reached the solution via a sudden restructuring process.