ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE INEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF VACCINES USING THE ACCESS AND BENEFIT SHARING TRANSACTION
ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE INEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF VACCINES USING THE ACCESS AND BENEFIT SHARING TRANSACTION
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DOI：
10.1017/s0020589321000294
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发表时间：
2021-10-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Rourke, Michelle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eccleston-Turner, Mark;Rourke, Michelle
获取和惠益分享是一种交易机制，旨在使各国能够以货币和非货币惠益交换其主权遗传资源的获取，最终目标是将这些惠益用于可持续发展和环境保护。关于病原体不是世界应该保护的遗传资源的争论最终让位于这样一种认识，即根据《生物多样性公约》及其《名古屋议定书》，病原体确实是主权遗传资源，ABS交易可能是一种有效的方式，可以向发展中国家提供稀缺的疫苗，作为分享病原体样本的好处。这篇文章认为，将疫苗归类为以获得病原体样本为交换条件的好处，对病毒样本的提供者和使用者产生了相反的激励，并破坏了健康权，因为它使这种权利成为一种可以购买的商品。向全球共同研究领域提供病原体样本和公平公正地分配药物，这两项公益活动本身应作为目标加以追求。我们的结论是，这些目标通过ABS交易的联系应该重新评估。
Access and benefit sharing (ABS) is a transactional mechanism designed to allow countries to trade access to their sovereign genetic resources for monetary and non-monetary benefits, with the ultimate goal of channelling those benefits into sustainable development and environmental conservation. Arguments about how pathogens are not the sort of genetic resources the world ought to conserve eventually gave way to a recognition that pathogens are indeed sovereign genetic resources under the Convention on Biological Diversity and its Nagoya Protocol, and that the ABS transaction may be an effective way to deliver scarce vaccines to developing nations as benefits received in exchange for shared pathogen samples. This article argues that categorising vaccines as benefits given in exchange for access to pathogen samples creates opposing incentives for providers and users of virus samples and undermines the human right to health because it makes that right a commodity to be bought. The provision of pathogen samples to the global research commons and the fair and equitable distribution of medicines should be two parallel public goods to be pursued as goals in and of themselves. We conclude that the linking of these goals through the ABS transaction should be reassessed.