Physical fitness and changes in mortality - The survival of the fittest
Physical fitness and changes in mortality - The survival of the fittest
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DOI：
10.2165/00007256-200131080-00001
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Erikssen, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erikssen, G
体能是一个描述最大有氧能力的术语，根据身体大小和组成进行调整，是心肺和神经肌肉骨骼功能，氧气运输和输送以及心理驱动力的综合衡量标准。因此，高身体素质要求所有这些重要的身体功能正常发挥作用，而低身体素质则表明其中一项或多项功能出现故障。高水平的身体素质--通过大量的日常锻炼来维持--可能是早期生存的必要条件人类历史。在现代工业化国家，人们对维持生命的体力活动的需求正在下降，在许多人群中观察到身体健康的下降。过去50年的流行病学研究一致表明，体力活动和身体健康水平低与心血管疾病和总死亡率高有关。最近的数据还表明，身体活动和身体健康水平低，随之而来的是糖尿病和非致命性心血管疾病的发病率增加。缺乏体力活动后出现的一些不利的生化和生理异常可能解释了这些观察结果。然而，最近的研究也表明，身体活动的变化，特别是身体健康的变化，可以扭转这种相当悲观的情况。世界卫生组织发起的全球疾病负担研究将身体活动不足列为威胁全球健康的最重要风险因素之一。久坐不动的生活方式可能和吸烟一样有害健康。鼓励身体活动是一项重要而艰巨的任务，因为社会越来越成功地减少了我们对运动的需求。
Physical fitness is a term describing maximal aerobic capacity adjusted for body size and composition, and is an integrated measure of cardiorespiratory and neuromusculo-skeletal function, oxygen transport and delivery, and psychological drive. Accordingly, high physical fitness requires that all these important body functions function normally, while low physical fitness suggests malfunction of one or more of them.High levels of physical fitness - maintained through heavy daily exercise - has probably been a necessary requirement for survival in the earlier history of humans. In modern, industrialised countries the demand for physical activity to sustain life is declining, and a decline in physical fil:ness: is observed in many populations.Epidemiological studies over the past 50 years have unanimously shown that low physical activity and physical fitness is associated with high cardiovascular and total mortality. Recent data also suggest that low physical activity and physical fitness is followed by an increased incidence of diabetes mellitus and nonfatal cardiovascular diseases. A number of unfavourable biochemical and physiological aberrations following physical inactivity probably explain these observations. However, recent studies also indicate that changes in physical activity, and especially changes that bring increases in physical fitness, can reverse this rather pessimistic scenario.The Global Burden of Disease Study initiated by the World Health Organization included physical inactivity among the most important risk factors threatening global health. A sedentary life style may be as detrimental to health as smoking. Encouragement of physical activity is an important and difficult task, as society is becoming increasingly successful in reducing our need to move.