Toilet revolution in China.
Toilet revolution in China.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.043
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发表时间：
2018-06-15
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Zhang L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng S;Li Z;Uddin SMN;Mang HP;Zhou X;Zhang J;Zheng L;Zhang L
未经改进的卫生技术的广泛流行已经成为环境和公共健康问题的主要原因，中国也不例外。关于卫生问题，厕所革命最近在中国成为一个流行语。本文阐述了中国厕所革命的背景、内涵和行动。厕所革命旨在创造卫生基础设施和公共服务，为每个人服务，并将废物转化为价值。实施厕所革命的机会包括：实现千年发展目标和新的可持续发展目标;各级政府支持普及卫生厕所;保护环境以减轻废水污染;从人类废物中回收资源和预防疾病以改善健康和福祉。同时，面临的挑战是：资金和政策支持不足，区域不平衡和审批流程滞后，卫生意识薄弱和新厕所接受度低，缺乏研发和服务体系。厕所革命需要多个政府部门的共同努力。它不仅需要解决技术实施问题，还需要解决社会接受度、经济承受能力、维护问题以及越来越多的性别考虑问题。与生态卫生原则相一致，它要求理解整个卫生服务链的问题。也建议采取公私合营的方式，吸收民间资本弥补资金不足，以及调动公众积极性。介绍了中国卫生设施的历史和现状。阐述了厕所革命的概念和具体的厕所行动。对厕所革命的挑战和机遇进行了讨论和分析。中国为发展中国家提供了宝贵的经验教训。
The wide-spread prevalence of unimproved sanitation technologies has been a major cause of concern for the environment and public health, and China is no exception to this. Towards the sanitation issue, toilet revolution has become a buzzword in China recently. This paper elaborates the backgrounds, connotations, and actions of the toilet revolution in China. The toilet revolution aims to create sanitation infrastructure and public services that work for everyone and that turn waste into value. Opportunities for implementing the toilet revolution include: fulfilling Millennium Development Goals and new Sustainable Development Goals; government support at all levels for popularizing sanitary toilet; environmental protection to alleviate wastewater pollution; resource recovery from human waste and disease prevention for health and wellbeing improvement. Meanwhile, the challenges faced are: insufficient funding and policy support, regional imbalance and lagging approval processes, weak sanitary awareness and low acceptance of new toilets, lack of R&D and service system. The toilet revolution requires a concerted effort from many governmental departments. It needs to address not only technology implementation, but also social acceptance, economic affordability, maintenance issues and, increasingly, gender considerations. Aligned with the ecological sanitation principles, it calls for understanding issues across the entire sanitation service chain. Public-private partnership is also recommended to absorb private capital to make up the lack of funds, as well as arouse the enthusiasm of the public. The history and current Chinese sanitation scenarios are presented. The concept of toilet revolution and the concrete toilet actions are elaborated. Challenges and opportunities for toilet revolution are discussed and analyzed. China provides valuable lessons-learned for the developing world.
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Apul, Defne
通讯作者：
Apul, Defne
影响因子：
8.1
作者：
Arbulu, Italo;Lozano, Javier;Rey-Maquieira, Javier
通讯作者：
Rey-Maquieira, Javier