Noble Gases in Seawater as Tracers for Physical and Biogeochemical Ocean Processes
Noble Gases in Seawater as Tracers for Physical and Biogeochemical Ocean Processes
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海水中的惰性气体作为物理和生物地球化学海洋过程的示踪剂
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Jenkins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Stanley;W. Jenkins
稀有气体具有生物和化学惰性，使其成为物理过程的极佳示踪剂。有5种稳定的稀有气体：He、Ne、Ar、Kr和Xe，具有一系列的物理化学性质；稀有气体在海水中的扩散率相差大约 5 倍，稀有气体在海水中的溶解度相差大约 10 倍。如此广泛的物理化学特性导致对物理强迫的不同响应。因此，同时测量多种惰性气体可以量化许多物理过程。在海水研究中，稀有气体测量已用于研究空气-海洋气体交换，从而可以将气泡成分与扩散气体交换成分明确分离，并研究深水形成过程中的平衡。氩气已被用来量化二重混合，较重的稀有气体也可用于此类研究。氦气、氖气和氩气使我们对海洋冰冻圈过程（如海冰形成和冰川基底融化）有了深入的了解。同位素3 He已广泛用于海洋环流研究以及量化海洋-岩石圈相互作用。此外，稀有气体可以与生物活性气体（例如 O2 或 N2）结合，以量化生物生产和反硝化的速率。
Noble gases are biologically and chemically inert, making them excellent tracers for physical processes. There are 5 stable noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, with a range of physicochemical properties; the diffusivities of the noble gases in seawater differ by approximately a factor of 5 and the solubilities of the noble gases in seawater differ by approximately a factor of 10. This broad range in physicochemical characteristics leads to differing response to physical forcing. Thus, measurements of multiple noble gases made concurrently allow quantification of many physical processes. In seawater studies, noble gas measurements have been used to investigate air-sea gas exchange, allowing explicit separation of the bubble component from the diffusive gas exchange component, and to study equilibration during deep water formation. Argon has been used to quantify diapycnal mixing and the heavier noble gases could be useful in such studies as well. Helium, Ne, and Ar have yielded insights on ocean-cryospheric processes such as sea ice formation and basal melting of glaciers. The isotope3 He has been used extensively in studies of ocean circulation, and also for quantifying ocean-lithospheric interactions. Additionally, noble gases can be combined with biologically active gases, such as O2 or N2, in order to quantify rates of biological production and denitrification.