Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of PD-1 Expression.
Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of PD-1 Expression.
复制标题
DOI：
10.4049/jimmunol.1502643
复制
发表时间：
2016-03-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Boss JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bally AP;Austin JW;Boss JM
The inhibitory immune receptor Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is intricately regulated. In T cells, PD-1 is expressed in response to most immune challenges, but is rapidly down regulated in acute settings, allowing for normal immune responses. On chronically stimulated antigen-specific T cells, PD-1 expression remains high, leading to an impaired response to stimuli. Antibody blockade of PD-1 interactions during chronic antigen settings partially restores immune function and is now used clinically to treat a variety of devastating cancers. Understanding the regulation of PD-1 expression may be useful for developing novel immune based therapies. Here, the molecular mechanisms that drive dynamic PD-1 expression during acute and chronic antigenic stimuli are reviewed. An array of cis-DNA elements, transcription factors, and epigenetic components, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, control PD-1 expression. The interplay between these regulators fine-tunes PD-1 expression in different inflammatory environments and across numerous cell types to modulate immune responses.
