The social definition of time for university students
The social definition of time for university students
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大学生时间的社会定义
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Leah A. Schmelkin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Liao;Joshua A. Beckman;Emily Marzolph;Caitlin Riederer;Jeffrey D. Sayler;Leah A. Schmelkin
当今世界，大学，特别是西方的大学，日益网络化、信息化和商业化，并且倾向于像企业或公司一样按时钟或按时间顺序运行，尽管它们对个人的要求往往是按实际或按时间顺序排列的时间。鉴于大学作为企业对时间的需求日益增长，我们在本文中研究了现代大学中一个被忽视的方面：时间对于大学生的社会意义。为了实现我们的目标，我们选择了一所中西部公立大学作为我们的研究地点——一所拥有约 40,000 名学生的美国主要研究型大学——并在 2009 年秋季学期通过摄影和采访进行了实地观察。研究环境提供了一个很好的机会来观察学生经历的各种时间类别。在本文中，我们建立了六种理论上有依据且可通过经验观察的时间类别的类型学——计划时间、压缩时间、永恒时间、无尽时间、浪费时间和目标时间。我们通过视觉手段的分析展示了这六种类型的时间如何运作以及它们如何嵌入社会情境和社会结构中。对于学生个体来说，安排的时间可以对其他时间类别进行限制和建构，它体现了现代大学作为企业在企业时间中所表达的制度需求。
In today’s world, universities, in particular those in the West, have increasingly become networked, informationalized, and commercialized, and tend to operate on a clock or chronologic time like a business or corporation, though their demands on individuals are often in real or chronoscopic time terms. In light of the increasing demand in time by the university as corporation, we study in this article a neglected aspect of such a modern university: the social meaning of time for university students. To achieve our goal, we chose a Midwestern public university as our research site – a major American research university of about 40,000 students – and conducted field observations through photography and interviews during the 2009 fall semester. The research setting provided a good opportunity to observe a wide range of categories of time experienced by students. In the article we established a typology of six theoretically informed and empirically observable categories of time – scheduled time, compressed time, timeless time, endless time, wasted time, and time as goal. Our analysis through visual means demonstrates how these six types of time operate and how they are embedded in social situations and social structure. For individual students, scheduled time can confine and structure the other time categories, and it reflects the institutional demand expressed in corporate time by the modern university as corporation.