Young children learning Spanish make rapid use of grammatical gender in spoken word recognition
Young children learning Spanish make rapid use of grammatical gender in spoken word recognition
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01871.x
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Fernald, Anne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lew-Williams, Casey;Fernald, Anne
西班牙语中的所有名词都有语法上的性别，在前面的冠词上有强制性的性别标记(例如，la和el，分别是“the”的女性和男性形式)。以语法性别为母语的成年语言使用者在在线句子解释中利用这一线索。在一项调查这种能力早期发展的研究中，对学习西班牙语的儿童(34-42个月)进行了眼球跟踪测试。研究人员向他们展示了两幅语法性别相同的图片(la Pelota，“ball[女性化]”；la Galleta，“cookie[女性化]”)或不同语法性别(la Pelota，el zapato，“Shoes[男性]”)的名称的图片，他们听到的句子指的是一张图片(Encuentra la Pelota，“找到球”)。在不同性别的试验中，当文章可能提供信息时，儿童比在同性试验中更快地适应所指对象，而在同性试验中，当文章没有提供信息时，这种能力与词汇和语法能力的生产性测量相关。只会说500个单词的西班牙语学习儿童已经使用带有性别标记的冠词来建立参考文献，这是以西班牙语为母语的成年人所特有的处理优势。
All nouns in Spanish have grammatical gender, with obligatory gender marking on preceding articles (e.g., la and el, the feminine and masculine forms of "the," respectively). Adult native speakers of languages with grammatical gender exploit this cue in on-line sentence interpretation. In a study investigating the early development of this ability, Spanish-learning children (34-42 months) were tested in an eye-tracking procedure. Presented with pairs of pictures with names of either the same grammatical gender (la pelota, "ball [feminine]"; la galleta, "cookie [feminine]") or different grammatical gender (la pelota; el zapato, "shoe [masculine]"), they heard sentences referring to one picture (Encuentra la pelota, "Find the ball"). The children were faster to orient to the referent on different-gender trials, when the article was potentially informative, than on same-gender trials, when it was not, and this ability was correlated with productive measures of lexical and grammatical competence. Spanish-learning children who can speak only 500 words already use gender-marked articles in establishing reference, a processing advantage characteristic of native Spanish-speaking adults.