Multiple LINEs of retrotransposon silencing mechanisms in the mammalian germline.
Multiple LINEs of retrotransposon silencing mechanisms in the mammalian germline.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.03.001
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Wang PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang F;Wang PJ
反转录转座子在基因组进化中发挥着重要作用，但对宿主基因组完整性构成了严峻的挑战，特别是在早期生殖细胞中，表观遗传控制放松以允许全基因组重编程。在大多数物种中，生殖系中的逆转录转座子无法沉默通常与不育有关。LINE1是哺乳动物基因组中最丰富的反转录转座子类型。哺乳动物生殖细胞采用多种机制抑制逆转录转座子活性，包括小的非编码pirna、DNA甲基化和抑制性组蛋白修饰。新的因素有助于表观遗传沉默的反转录转座子在种系继续被确定。最近的研究已经深入了解了与反转录转座子激活相关的表观遗传变化如何影响生育能力。
Retrotransposons play an important role in genome evolution but pose acute challenges to host genome integrity, particularly in early stage germ cells where epigenetic control is relaxed to permit genome-wide reprogramming. In most species, the inability to silence retrotransposons in the germline is usually associated with sterility. LINE1 is the most abundant retrotransposon type in the mammalian genome. Mammalian germ cells employ multiple mechanisms to suppress retrotransposon activity, including small non-coding piRNAs, DNA methylation, and repressive histone modifications. Novel factors contributing to the epigenetic silencing of retrotransposons in the germline continue to be identified. Recent studies have provided insight into how epigenetic changes associated with retrotransposon activation impact on fertility.