Theoretical Soil Mechanics
Theoretical Soil Mechanics
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DOI：
10.1002/9780470172766
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发表时间：
1943-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
K. Terzaghi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Terzaghi
自从作者出版了他的第一本关于土力学的书以来的15年里，对这一课题的兴趣遍及整个地球仪，我们对这一课题的理论和实践知识都迅速地扩展了。仅第一届沸腾力学国际会议（剑桥，1936年）的论文集就包含了比1910年以前的全部工程文献更多的有关土壤和地基的定量信息。然而，就像在工程学的其他领域一样，理论原理的第一次提出之后，是一个过渡时期，其特点是倾向于不加区别地应用理论和毫无根据的概括。因此，当作者开始编写一本新的土力学教科书时，他认为最好将理论与实际应用完全分开。本卷专门论述理论原理。理论土力学是应用力学的许多分支之一。在应用力学的每一个领域中，研究者都只使用理想材料。例如，钢筋混凝土理论并不处理真实的钢筋混凝土。它们使用的是理想材料，而理想材料的假定性质是通过彻底简化的过程从真实的钢筋混凝土中推导出来的。这种说法也适用于每一种土壤特性理论。现场条件下真实的土壤性能与理论预测性能之间的差异大小只能通过现场经验确定。本卷的内容仅限于那些经受住了经验考验的理论，以及在某些条件和限制下适用于实际问题的近似解的理论。除了为读者提供有用的分析方法的工作知识外，理论土力学也具有重要的教育目的。理论和应用之间的根本分离，使读者很容易记住被称为理论的不同心理活动的有效性条件。一旦读者根据分析结果掌握了决定简单理想材料在内外力影响下的行为的多种因素，他就不太可能屈服于基于不充分数据的无根据概括的无所不在的危险。
In the fifteen years since the author published his first book on soil mechanics interest in this subject has spread over the whole globe and both our theoretical and our practical knowledge of the subject have expanded rapidly. The Proceedings of the First International Conference on Boil Mechanics (Cambridge 1936) alone contains a greater amount of quantitative infonnation regarding soils and foundations than the entire engineering literature prior to 1910. Yet, as in every other field of engineering, the first presentation of the theoretical principles has been followed by a period of transition characterized by a tendency toward indiscriminate application of theory and by unwarranted generalizations. Hence, when the author began work on a new textbook on soil mechanics he considered it advisable to separate theory completely from practical application. This volume deals exclusively with the theoretical principles.Theoretical soil mechanics is one of the many divisions of applied mechanics. In every field of applied mechanics the investigator operates with ideal materials only. The theories of reinforced concrete, for instance, do not deal with real reinforced concrete. They operate with an ideal material, whose assumed properties have been derived from those of the real reinforced concrete by a process of radical simplification. This statement also applies to every theory of soil behavior. The magnitude of the difference between the perfonnance of real soils under field conditions and the performance predicted on the basis of theory can only be ascertained by field experience. The contents of this volume has been limited to theories which have stood the test of experience and which are applicable, under certain conditions and restrictions, to the approximate solution of practical problems. Besides providing the reader with a working knowledge of useful methods of analysis, theoretical soil mechanics also serves an important educational purpose. The radical separation between theory and application makes it easy to impress upon the reader the conditions for the validity of the different mental operations known as theories. Once the reader has grasped, on the basis of the results of the analysis, the manifold factors which determine the behavior of simple, ideal materials under the influence of internal and external forces he will be less likely to succumb to the omnipresent danger of unwarranted generalizations based on inadequate data.