Fine-particulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States.
Fine-particulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1056/nejmsa0805646
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发表时间：
2009-01-22
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dockery DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pope CA 3rd;Ezzati M;Dockery DW
暴露于细颗粒物空气污染与心肺和肺癌发病率和死亡率风险增加有关，这表明持续减少污染暴露应导致预期寿命延长。这项研究直接评估了与20世纪80年代和90年代美国细颗粒物空气污染差异变化相关的预期寿命变化。研究人员收集了美国51个大都市地区217个县的预期寿命、社会经济和人口统计数据，并匹配了20世纪70年代末/80年代初和90年代末/21世纪初的细颗粒物空气污染数据。回归模型被用来估计减少污染和预期寿命的变化之间的关联，控制社会经济和人口变量的变化和吸烟的代理指标。细颗粒物浓度每降低10微克/立方米，预期寿命估计增加0.77（标准差= 0.17）岁。减少污染暴露对预期寿命的估计影响对控制社会经济，人口统计和代理吸烟变量的变化或将观察限制在相对较大的县和中央大都市县并不高度敏感。在研究地区，空气污染减少对预期寿命的影响高达整体增长的18%。减少暴露于环境细颗粒物空气污染有助于美国预期寿命的显着和可衡量的改善。
Exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution has been associated with increased risk of cardiopulmonary and lung cancer morbidity and mortality, suggesting that sustained reductions in pollution exposure should result in improved life expectancy. This study directly evaluates changes in life expectancy associated with differential changes in fine particulate air pollution that occurred in the U.S. during the 1980s and 1990s. Life expectancy, socio-economic, and demographic data were compiled for 217 counties in the 51 U.S. metropolitan areas with matching fine particulate air pollution data for the late 1970s/early 1980s and the late 1990s/early 2000s. Regression models were used to estimate the association between reductions in pollution and changes in life expectancy, controlling for changes in socio-economic and demographic variables and for proxy indicators of cigarette smoking. A decrease of 10 μg/m3 of fine particulate concentration was associated with an estimated increase in life expectancy equal to 0.77 (SE = 0.17) years. The estimated effect of reduced pollution exposure on life expectancy was not highly sensitive to controlling for changes in socio-economic, demographic, and proxy smoking variables or to restricting observations to relatively large counties and central metro counties. The effect of reductions in air pollution on life expectancy in the study areas was as much as 18% of the overall increase. Reducing exposure to ambient fine particulate matter air pollution contributed to significant and measurable improvements in life expectancy in the U.S.