Detection of carbon nanotubes in environmental matrices using programmed thermal analysis.
Detection of carbon nanotubes in environmental matrices using programmed thermal analysis.
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DOI：
10.1021/es300804f
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发表时间：
2012-11-20
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Westerhoff, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doudrick, Kyle;Herckes, Pierre;Westerhoff, Paul
碳纳米管（CNT）的生产正在迅速增长，并且需要稳健的分析方法来量化复杂有机基质中环境相关浓度的CNT。由于不同类型的碳纳米管的物理和热性能不同，我们研究了14个单壁（SWCNTs）和多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）。我们的目的是应用一个经典的分析空气污染的方法分离有机（OC）和元素碳（EC）（热光学透射/反射，TOT/R）的环境和生物基质和碳纳米管。TOT/R方法需要对该分析进行重大修改，这需要更好地了解CNT的热性能。碳纳米管的热性能的评估揭示了两类，可以区分使用拉曼光谱：热“弱”和“强”。使用程序热分析（PTA）方法，我们优化了温度程序，并制定了一套规则，用于定义OC和EC的分离，以量化广泛的CNT。结合拉曼/PTA方法证明使用两个环境相关的矩阵（蓝藻（CB）和城市空气）。CB的热评价显示，它是一个复杂的矩阵与干扰发生弱和强的碳纳米管，因此预处理方法是必要的。强CNT质量为0.51、2.7和11 µg，对应于浓度为10、54和220 µg CNT/g CB，回收率分别为160 ± 29%、99 ± 1.9%和96 ± 3.0%。城市空气也是一个复杂的矩阵，并包含了显着的量（12%）的背景EC干扰非常弱的碳纳米管和最低限度地与强的碳纳米管。在99%置信度下，城市空气样本和强CNT的当前检测限为55 ng/m3（0.33 µg）。总的来说，PTA方法提供了一个初步的方法来量化范围广泛的碳纳米管，我们确定了具体的未来研究需要，以消除潜在的干扰和降低检测限。
Carbon nanotube (CNT) production is rapidly growing, and there is a need for robust analytical methods to quantify CNTs at environmentally relevant concentrations in complex organic matrices. Because physical and thermal properties vary among different types of CNTs, we studied 14 single-walled (SWCNTs) and multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs). Our aim was to apply a classic analytical air pollution method for separating organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) (thermal optical transmittance/reflectance, TOT/R) to environmental and biological matrices and CNTs. The TOT/R method required significant modification for this analysis, which required a better understanding of the thermal properties of CNTs. An evaluation of the thermal properties of CNTs revealed two classes that could be differentiated using Raman spectroscopy: thermally “weak” and “strong.” Using the programmed thermal analysis (PTA) method, we optimized temperature programs and instituted a set of rules for defining the separation of OC and EC to quantify a broad range of CNTs. The combined Raman/PTA method was demonstrated using two environmentally relevant matrices (cyanobacteria (CB) and urban air). Thermal evaluation of CB revealed it to be a complex matrix with interference occurring for both weak and strong CNTs, and thus a pretreatment method was necessary. Strong CNT masses of 0.51, 2.7, and 11 µg, corresponding to concentrations of 10, 54, and 220 µg CNT/g CB, yielded recoveries of 160 ± 29%, 99 ± 1.9%, and 96 ± 3.0%, respectively. Urban air was also a complex matrix and contained a significant amount (12%) of background EC that interfered with greatly weak CNTs and minimally with strong CNTs. The current detection limit at 99% confidence for urban air samples and strong CNTs is 55 ng/m3 (0.33 µg). Overall, the PTA method presented here provides an initial approach for quantifying a wide range of CNTs, and we identify specific future research needs to eliminate potential interferences and lower detection limits.
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