Risk and the fabrication of apolitical, unaccountable military markets: the case of the CIA ‘Killing Program’1
Risk and the fabrication of apolitical, unaccountable military markets: the case of the CIA ‘Killing Program’1
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风险和非政治性、不负责任的军事市场的捏造：中央情报局“杀戮计划”1 的案例
DOI：
10.1017/s026021051100043x
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Anna Leander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anna Leander
本文认为，风险是（重新）产生不负责任的商业军事/安全市场的核心，这是我们政治现实的正常组成部分。这个论点是双重的：首先，它提出风险理性和相关的“预防必要性”具有非政治化的效果——由风险理性和风险专业人士的策略的非个人传播所强化——这降低了寻求问责的渴望。然而，其次，非政治化的重要性首先在于，它严重阻碍了创新思维，而创新思维是有效问责制的必要条件。市场错综复杂的“混合”性质使其处于法律的“盲点”，也是目前缺乏问责制的根本原因。因此，超越既定的监管框架和对问责制的技术理解（即将市场政治化）是更有效问责制的先决条件。如果不这样做，将使目前快速的法律创新变得无能为力，同时随着对现有监管框架的关注和信心的增长，将加剧有罪不罚现象。未能将其政治化造成了一种“问责悖论”，对问责的追求削弱了它。文章通过黑水公司（现在的Xe）在所谓的中情局“杀戮计划”中所扮演的角色展开了这一论点。
Abstract This article argues that risk is central in (re)producing the unaccountable commercial military/security markets that are a normal part of our political reality. The argument is twofold: first it is suggested that risk rationalities and the associated ‘preventive imperative’ has a depoliticising effect – accentuated by the impersonal spread of risk rationalities and the strategies of risk professionals – which lowers the eagerness to seek accountability. However, and second, depoliticisation is significant above all as a serious obstacle to the innovative thinking that is the sine qua non of effective accountability. The enmeshed, ‘hybrid’, nature of the market places it in the ‘blind spot’ of law and is as such fundamental to the current lack of accountability. Consequently, moving beyond established regulatory frameworks and technical understandings of accountability (that is, politicising the market) is a precondition for more effective accountability. Failing to do so, will leave the current rapid legal innovation impotent while reinforcing impunity as the focus on and confidence in established regulatory frameworks grows. The failure to politicise creates an ‘accountability paradox’ where the pursuit of accountability diminishes it. The article develops this argument with reference to Blackwater's (now Xe) role in the so called CIA ‘Killing Program’.