Cell-Based Model of the Generation and Maintenance of the Shape and Structure of the Multilayered Shoot Apical Meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana
Cell-Based Model of the Generation and Maintenance of the Shape and Structure of the Multilayered Shoot Apical Meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana
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DOI：
10.1007/s11538-018-00547-z
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Alber, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banwarth-Kuhn, Mikahl;Nematbakhsh, Ali;Alber, Mark
动物和植物发育生物学的核心问题之一是破译化学和机械信号如何在组织内相互作用，以产生具有特定大小，形状和功能的器官。植物中的细胞壁对细胞扩张施加了独特的约束，因为细胞处于膨压下并且不相对于彼此移动。细胞壁的可延展性和不断变化的应力分布是在单个细胞之间变化的机械特性，并且有助于细胞分裂的膨胀率和方向。细胞壁的机械性质究竟如何影响细胞行为，在很大程度上仍然是未知的。为了解决这个问题，一种新的，亚细胞元素的计算模型的生长的干细胞内的多层芽顶端分生组织（SAM）的拟南芥的开发和校准使用实验数据。该模型的新功能包括单独的，详细的描述细胞壁的可伸展性和机械刚度，变形的中间层，并增加细胞质压力产生内部膨压。该模型是用来测试新的假设机制的形状和结构的形成的增长，多层SAM的基础上WUS浓度的个别细胞控制细胞的生长速率和层依赖性各向异性机械性能的个别细胞的亚细胞成分确定各向异性的细胞扩张方向。模型模拟还提供了生长组织中应力分布的详细预测，可以在未来的实验中进行测试。
One of the central problems in animal and plant developmental biology is deciphering how chemical and mechanical signals interact within a tissue to produce organs of defined size, shape, and function. Cell walls in plants impose a unique constraint on cell expansion since cells are under turgor pressure and do not move relative to one another. Cell wall extensibility and constantly changing distribution of stress on the wall are mechanical properties that vary between individual cells and contribute to rates of expansion and orientation of cell division. How exactly cell wall mechanical properties influence cell behavior is still largely unknown. To address this problem, a novel, subcellular element computational model of growth of stem cells within the multilayered shoot apical meristem (SAM) of Arabidopsis thaliana is developed and calibrated using experimental data. Novel features of the model include separate, detailed descriptions of cell wall extensibility and mechanical stiffness, deformation of the middle lamella, and increase in cytoplasmic pressure generating internal turgor pressure. The model is used to test novel hypothesized mechanisms of formation of the shape and structure of the growing, multilayered SAM based on WUS concentration of individual cells controlling cell growth rates and layer-dependent anisotropic mechanical properties of subcellular components of individual cells determining anisotropic cell expansion directions. Model simulations also provide a detailed prediction of distribution of stresses in the growing tissue which can be tested in future experiments.