Biogeography of a human oral microbiome at the micron scale
Biogeography of a human oral microbiome at the micron scale
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1522149113
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发表时间：
2016-02-09
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Borisy, Gary G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Welch, Jessica L. Mark;Rossetti, Blair J.;Borisy, Gary G.
复杂的自然微生物组的空间组织对于理解组成群落的各个分类单元的相互作用至关重要。尽管 DNA 测序革命提供了大量基因组水平的信息，但微生物组的生物地理学在微米尺度上几乎完全未知。在宏基因组序列分析的指导下，利用光谱成像荧光原位杂交，我们在龈上牙菌斑的微生物组中发现了一个独特的多属联合体。该联合体由围绕丝状棒状杆菌细胞组织的放射状排列的九分类单元结构组成。该联合体的大小范围从半径几十到几百微米不等，并且在空间上存在差异。在该结构内，各个分类单元都定位在微米尺度，这表明它们在该联盟中的功能定位。例如，厌氧类群往往位于内部，而兼性或专性需氧生物往往位于群落的外围。某些代谢物（例如乳酸）的消费者和生产者往往彼此接近。根据我们的观察和文献，我们提出了一个与已知的代谢、依从性和环境考虑因素一致的菌斑微生物组发育和维持模型。该联盟展示了复杂的结构组织是如何从其组成生物体的微米级相互作用中产生的。斑块群落组织是一种新兴现象的理解提供了一种本质上具有普遍性且适用于其他微生物组的观点。
The spatial organization of complex natural microbiomes is critical to understanding the interactions of the individual taxa that comprise a community. Although the revolution in DNA sequencing has provided an abundance of genomic-level information, the biogeography of microbiomes is almost entirely uncharted at the micron scale. Using spectral imaging fluorescence in situ hybridization as guided by metagenomic sequence analysis, we have discovered a distinctive, multigenus consortium in the microbiome of supragingival dental plaque. The consortium consists of a radially arranged, nine-taxon structure organized around cells of filamentous corynebacteria. The consortium ranges in size from a few tens to a few hundreds of microns in radius and is spatially differentiated. Within the structure, individual taxa are localized at the micron scale in ways suggestive of their functional niche in the consortium. For example, anaerobic taxa tend to be in the interior, whereas facultative or obligate aerobes tend to be at the periphery of the consortium. Consumers and producers of certain metabolites, such as lactate, tend to be near each other. Based on our observations and the literature, we propose a model for plaque microbiome development and maintenance consistent with known metabolic, adherence, and environmental considerations. The consortium illustrates how complex structural organization can emerge from the micron-scale interactions of its constituent organisms. The understanding that plaque community organization is an emergent phenomenon offers a perspective that is general in nature and applicable to other microbiomes.