Aboveground carbon responses to experimental and natural hurricane impacts in a subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico
Aboveground carbon responses to experimental and natural hurricane impacts in a subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico
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波多黎各亚热带湿森林中地上碳对实验和自然飓风影响的响应
DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.4041
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Samuel Matta Carmona
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hervé Chevalier;N. Brokaw;S. Ward;J. Zimmerman;A. Shiels;J. Bithorn;Samuel Matta Carmona
气候变化和干扰使得很难预测热带森林中碳固存的长期模式，但在这些森林中进行的大型生态系统实验可以为预测提供信息。树冠修剪实验（CTE）操纵飓风扰动的两个关键组成部分，树冠开放和碎屑沉积，在波多黎各的热带森林。我们记录了CTE和真实的飓风如何影响树木的补充，生物量和地上碳储存超过15年。在CTE治疗中，我们修剪树枝，但我们没有砍伐树木。我们预计，在最初的树冠修剪后的14年期间，树枝和茎的再生长以及由增加的光照和修剪的碎片刺激的茎补充将有助于恢复修剪造成的生物量和碳损失。与对照地相比，修剪后棕榈树和双子叶树的补充量显著增加，立木茎粗增加。数据显示，与大树相比，小树的补充几乎没有增加地上碳。然而，这种响应恢复预处理生物量和碳在实验期间。特别是，实验增加修剪碎片在森林地面上似乎刺激增加地上碳。在实验期结束时，飓风玛丽亚（4级飓风）修剪并砍伐了一些树木，但减少了地上碳的地块（包括未修剪的地块）比实验修剪少。因此，看来，实验修剪后记录的再生量也可以恢复在同一时间跨度内严重飓风后的森林地上碳。然而，与修剪处理不同，飓风玛丽亚砍伐了大树，并且可能是预测的，更频繁的严重飓风，大树的持续损失将长期减少波多黎各森林和其他受气旋风暴影响的热带森林中储存的地上碳。
Climate change and disturbance make it difficult to project long‐term patterns of carbon sequestration in tropical forests, but large ecosystem experiments in these forests can inform predictions. The Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) manipulates two key components of hurricane disturbance, canopy openness and detritus deposition, in a tropical forest in Puerto Rico. We documented how the CTE and a real hurricane affected tree recruitment, biomass, and aboveground carbon storage over 15 years. In the CTE treatments, we trimmed branches, but we did not fell trees. We expected that during the 14‐year period after initial canopy trimming, regrowth of branches and stems and stem recruitment stimulated by increased light and trimmed debris would help restore biomass and carbon loss due to trimming. Compared to control plots, in the trimmed plots recruitment of palms and dicot trees increased markedly after trimming, and stem diameters of standing trees increased. Data showed that recruitment of small trees adds little to aboveground carbon, compared to the amount in large trees. Nevertheless, this response restored pretreatment biomass and carbon in the experimental period. In particular, the experimental additions of trimmed debris on the forest floor seemed to stimulate increase in aboveground carbon. Toward the end of the experimental period, Hurricane Maria (Category 4 hurricane) trimmed and felled some trees but reduced aboveground carbon less in the plots (including untrimmed plots) than experimental trimming had. Thus, it appears that the amount of regrowth recorded after experimental trimming could also restore aboveground carbon in the forest after a severe hurricane in the same time span. However, Hurricane Maria, unlike the trimming treatments, felled large trees, and it may be that with predicted, more frequent severe hurricanes, that the continued loss of large trees would over the long term decrease aboveground carbon stored in this Puerto Rican forest and likewise in other tropical forests affected by cyclonic storms.