Bose-Einstein condensation of photons from the thermodynamic limit to small photon numbers
Bose-Einstein condensation of photons from the thermodynamic limit to small photon numbers
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DOI：
10.1080/09500340.2017.1404655
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
R. Nyman;Benjamin T. Walker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Nyman;Benjamin T. Walker
通过荧光染料的多次散射，光子可以在室温下达到热平衡。通过将光和染料限制在一个微腔中，设定了一个最小能量，光子就可以表现出玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚。本文介绍了光子热化和冷凝的物理原理，并对相关文献进行了综述。然后我们探索“小”状态，在那里需要很少的光子进行凝聚。我们将热平衡结果与微激光器的速率方程模型进行了比较，其中包括自发发射到腔内，我们注意到小系统导致阈值定义的模糊性。
Abstract Photons can come to thermal equilibrium at room temperature by scattering multiple times from a fluorescent dye. By confining the light and dye in a microcavity, a minimum energy is set and the photons can then show Bose–Einstein condensation. We present here the physical principles underlying photon thermalization and condensation, and review the literature on the subject. We then explore the ‘small’ regime where very few photons are needed for condensation. We compare thermal equilibrium results to a rate-equation model of microlasers, which includes spontaneous emission into the cavity, and we note that small systems result in ambiguity in the definition of threshold.