Regulation of Innate Immune Responses by Autophagy: A Goldmine for Viruses.
Regulation of Innate Immune Responses by Autophagy: A Goldmine for Viruses.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2020.578038
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Espert L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pradel B;Robert-Hebmann V;Espert L
自噬是细胞内组分的溶酶体降解途径，并且在真核生物中高度保守。这个过程是先天免疫的关键参与者，其激活通过直接靶向病原体以及调节先天免疫应答而具有抗微生物作用。自噬功能障碍通常与炎性疾病有关。许多研究表明，它还可以通过防止炎症加剧及其对宿主的有害影响来控制先天免疫。宿主和病原体之间的军备竞赛导致一些病毒进化出使它们能够从自噬中受益的策略，要么通过直接劫持自噬途径进入它们的生命周期，要么通过利用其在先天免疫中的调节功能。病毒复制和传播的控制涉及抗病毒细胞因子的产生。控制导致这些细胞因子产生的信号是病毒逃避先天免疫反应并建立成功感染的完美方式。近年来，与最后一种病毒策略相关的已发表报告广泛增长。在这篇综述中，我们描述了自噬和先天免疫反应的调节之间的几个联系，我们提供了一个概述病毒如何利用这些联系为自己的利益。
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway for intracellular components and is highly conserved across eukaryotes. This process is a key player in innate immunity and its activation has anti-microbial effects by directly targeting pathogens and also by regulating innate immune responses. Autophagy dysfunction is often associated with inflammatory diseases. Many studies have shown that it can also play a role in the control of innate immunity by preventing exacerbated inflammation and its harmful effects toward the host. The arms race between hosts and pathogens has led some viruses to evolve strategies that enable them to benefit from autophagy, either by directly hijacking the autophagy pathway for their life cycle, or by using its regulatory functions in innate immunity. The control of viral replication and spread involves the production of anti-viral cytokines. Controlling the signals that lead to production of these cytokines is a perfect way for viruses to escape from innate immune responses and establish successful infection. Published reports related to this last viral strategy have extensively grown in recent years. In this review we describe several links between autophagy and regulation of innate immune responses and we provide an overview of how viruses exploit these links for their own benefit.
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