Vulnerability and Resilience of Sidama Enset and Maize Farms in Southwestern Ethiopia
Vulnerability and Resilience of Sidama Enset and Maize Farms in Southwestern Ethiopia
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DOI：
10.2993/etbi-35-02-314-336.1
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发表时间：
2015-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Quinlan;Marsha B. Quinlan;S. Dira;Mark A Caudell;Amalo Sooge;Awoke Amzaye Assoma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Quinlan;Marsha B. Quinlan;S. Dira;Mark A Caudell;Amalo Sooge;Awoke Amzaye Assoma
摘要 Enset (Ensete ventricosum) 是居住在埃塞俄比亚西南部裂谷低地至高地的西达马人的传统主食。 Enset耐旱，但成熟缓慢，需要大量牛粪输入和精加工。玉米于二十世纪中叶引入西达马兰，在中部和低地地区很常见。玉米成熟快，提供的千卡/公斤比玉米多，但在干旱年份容易歉收，需要化肥，受全球市场价格波动的影响。我们比较了四个 Sidama 生态区 410 个农场的玉米和玉米的文化生态、生产力、失败和恢复力。玉米和玉米的风险和效益与可变的当地环境有着复杂的联系。 Enset 提供抗旱农产品，只要有足够的粪肥投入，足以满足潮湿高地的生存需求，但在其他地方，其表现则变化较大。施肥后的玉米产量比当年更高，但易受降雨和全球过程的影响带来了特殊的挑战。玉米和玉米似乎处于不同的适应周期阶段：玉米生长迅速，玉米农场在四年内从作物损失中恢复过来。只有一半的农场在农作物歉收后的六年内恢复过来，这使得在局部变化巨大的环境中的农业决策变得复杂化。总体而言，西达玛地区呈现出区域多样性的格局，当地专门种植玉米、仅种植玉米或玉米和玉米混合种植。在一些地区，玉米已成为年轻人的首选作物和食物。
Abstract Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is the traditional staple food of Sidama people who live in Rift Valley lowlands to highlands in southwest Ethiopia. Enset is drought resistant, but it matures slowly, requires substantial manure inputs from cattle, and intensive processing. Maize, introduced to Sidamaland in the mid-twentieth century, is common in midlands and lowlands. Maize matures rapidly and provides more kcal/kg than enset, but it is prone to failure in dry years and requires chemical fertilizer, which is subject to global market price fluctuations. We compare cultural ecology, productivity, failure, and resilience of enset and maize in 410 farms across four Sidama ecological zones. The risks and benefits of enset and maize are complexly associated with variable local environments. Enset offers drought-resistant produce that, with sufficient manure inputs, is adequate for subsistence in the wet highlands, but its performance is more variable elsewhere. Fertilized, maize yields larger harvests than enset, but vulnerability to rainfall and global processes create special challenges. Maize and enset appear to be in different adaptive cycle phases: maize grows quickly and maize farms rebounded from crop loss within four years. Only half of enset farms recovered within six years after crop failure, complicating farming decisions in an environment with tremendous localized variation. In general, the Sidama zone shows a pattern of regional diversity with local specialization for maize only, enset only, or mixed maize and enset cultivation. In some areas maize has become a preferred crop and food for younger people.